ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of complete (CM) and partial (PM) hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions (HA) can be difficult when based on histology alone. Therefore, a more objective approach of chromosome ploidy analysis as detected byin situhybridization (ISH) was performed on 6 μm paraffin sections of seven cases, originally classified as three CM, two PM, and two HA with a histologic pattern suggestive of triploidy. Probes for repetitive DNA targets in the (peri)centromeric region of chromosomes 1 and X and in the q arm of chromosome Y were used to determine chromosome ploidy and sex chromosome composition. The findings in the three CM were consistent with diploidy: two copies of chromosomes 1 and X and none of chromosome Y. In the two HA with a histologic pattern suggestive of triploidy, three copies of chromosomes 1 and X and none of chromosome Y confirmed triploidy. Two cases originally classified as PM both appeared to have two copies of chromosome 1 with an XX pattern in one case and an XY pattern in the other case, which is consistent with diploidy instead of triploidy. After reviewing, both cases most likely represented CM. We conclude that interphase cytogenetics by ISH on paraffin sections of hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions enables chromosome ploidy analysis with preservation of histological context. The important advantages of this procedure are (1) precise discrimination between maternal and trophoblast cells, (2) no risk of selecting certain cell types as a result of the isolation procedure, (3) detection and localization of cell subpopulations with heterogeneous DNA content, (4) determination of the contribution of a single chromosome (e.g., sex chromosome), and (5) access to archival material

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in lymphoproliferative lesions has been assumed to be strictly latent. In order to investigate the possible occurrence of EBV replication in AIDS‐related lymphoma (ARL) cells, we studied 13 cases by immunohistology using monoclonal antibodies to the EBV‐encoded switch‐protein BZLF1, early antigens (EAs), late replicative proteins [virus capsid antigens (VCAs) and membrane antigens (MAs)], and to the latent proteins EB nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA 2) and latent membrane protein (LMP). EBV genomes were detected byin situhybridization. EBV genomes and/or gene products were demonstrated in ten cases, including all immunoblast‐rich lymphomas, two Burkitts lymphomas, and a T‐cell anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma. The BZLF1 protein, which disrupts latency in B cells, was identified in six (60 per cent), and EAs in four (40 per cent) of the EBV‐positive ARL. Only one lymphoma (10 per cent) expressed VCAs and MAs. EBNA 2 and LMP were detected in three (30 per cent) and eight (80 per cent) of EBV‐positive cases, respectively. EBV DNA was detected in lymphoma cells in 7 of 12 (58 per cent) cases. The most important finding of this study was frequent spontaneous activation of latent EBV in ARL. Production of complete virus, however, was either aborted, or tumour cells expressing late productive cycle proteins (VCA, MA) were rapidly cleared from tissues. It is suggested that host factors that normally inhibit replication of EBV are deficient

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new type‐specific, sensitive, non‐radioactive assay is described for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in tissues. Sequences within the E6 gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primer pairs which clearly distinguish HPV types, including those with close sequency homology such as 6b and 11. The amplified DNA products were identified by non‐radioactive oligonucleotide hybridization and restriction endo‐nuclease mapping, and the method was sufficiently sensitive to detect between 3 and 5 SiHa cells (each containing 1–2) copies of (HPV 16 DNA) amongst 10 000 non‐HPV‐ containing cells. Frozen and archival paraffin sections were equally acceptable substrates for the reaction.The assay was applied to frozen sections full thickness cervical epithelium from 60 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 24 normal cervical controls. Prevalence of HPV 16 was similar (approximately 50 per cent) in both CIN 2 and CIN 3, and in the whole series HPV 16 was almost five‐fold more common than HPV 18. Low‐risk HPV types were present in 5 per cent of CIN 1, but 0 per cent of CIN2 and CIN3 biopsies. The data emphasize the biological similarity of CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions, and their dive

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe healing wound offers a clear example of the sequence of events in chronic inflammation leading to repair. Although angiogenesis has an obvious and essential role in this process, it has been little studied. For an angiogenic factor to seem relevant, it would have to be shown to precede the peak of increased vascularity. To define this peak, the vessel content of simple, incised mouse wounds was estimated using morphometry of histological sections, and found to rise to a maximum at days 5 and 6. Total angiogenic activity of aqueous extracts was found to reach a peak at day 3. The detection of such activity on the chick chorioallantoic membrane is very dependent on the preparation technique and the choice of proteinase inhibitors. Previousin vitrowork by us using purified material has shown fibrin degradation products to be effective in stimulating angiogenesis. Fibrin degradation products are prominent on immunoblotting from day 3, when macrophages are plentiful, with a similar band pattern to human granulation tissue.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlveolar macrophages were obtained from 23 patients and the effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), lipopoly‐saccharide (LPS), and dexamethasone (DEX) on the proportion of cells with intracellular alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), and concentrations of ACT in the culture medium were studiedin vitro. The alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage at autopsy or from resected lungs at operation and were cultured in suspension for 3 days in medium containing PMA, LPS, DEX, PMA + DEX, or LPS + DEX. Both PMA and LPS significantly increased the percentage of macrophages with intracellular ACT. Dexamethasome did not increase the number of ACT‐positive cells and significantly suppressed the increase induced by PMA or LPS, releasing ACT into the culture medium. The release of ACT from macrophages may contribute to anti‐inflammatory effects of cor

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe discovery of immunostaining for neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and Leu‐7 in a small cell mesothelioma prompted us to study some putative immunohistochemical markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in malignant mesotheliomas and to examine any diagnostically important immunohistochemical distinctions or similarities between malignant mesothelioma and other histologically similar lung tumours. Most mesotheliomas were positive for NSE (96 per cent) and Leu‐7 (70 per cent) and positivity for these two markers was also found in small cell carcinomas (NSE 25 per cent, Leu‐7 81 per cent) and adenocarcinomas (NSE 28 per cent, Leu‐7 28 per cent) but carcinosarcomas were positive for only NSE (44 per cent). Chromogranin A positivity was found only in occasional small cell carcinomas (6 per cent) and adenocarcinomas (6 per cent). No tumour was positive for bombesin. The high incidence of NSE and Leu‐7 positivity in mesotheliomas is an important original observation because it guards against the unjustified exclusion of mesothelioma from a differential diagnosis on the basis of positivity for these

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA morphometric analysis was performed to compare the capillary area in non‐sclerotic glomeruli in focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), pre‐eclampsia with focal sclerotic change of the glomeruli, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). The mean and standard deviation of the capillary area was greater in FGS than in pre‐eclampsia and MCNS. Tubulo‐interstitial lesions, such as tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration, were more severe in FGS than in pre‐eclampsia. The presence of tubulo‐interstitial changes including tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration is thought to be an important prognostic factor in pre‐eclampsia as well as in FGS. Unequal dilatation of the glomerular capillaries in non‐sclerotic glomeruli may be harmful to the glomeruli and may lead to the development of glome

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing an automated image analysis system, we have developed a procedure for standardizing the measurement of silver‐stained proteins of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in cancer cells, irrespective of the fixative employed and the time of the staining reaction. We observed that the area of Ag‐NOR proteins from the same tumour was smaller in samples fixed with formalin‐containing solutions, buffered formalin, and Bouin liquid, compared with those fixed with absolute ethanol and ‘methcarn’ solution (1·77 ± 0·26 μm2and 2·36 ± 0·35 μm2versus 3·34 ± 0·54 μm2and 3·72 ± 0·61 μm2).Increased values of the Ag‐NOR area were also observed after lengthening the silver staining reaction. However, in both cases no difference was observed in the ratio between Ag‐NOR area of cancer cells and that of the lymphocytes infiltrating the stroma. The value of the ratio, which is called the ‘Ag‐NOR index’, was in fact very similar, for the same cancer, after employing different fixatives or staining times.The use of lymphocyte Ag‐NOR area as an internal control for the standardization of Ag‐NOR evaluation in cancer tissues was made possible by the fact that lymphocyte Ag‐NOR area is almost constant in

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of caffeine given in combination with mefenamic acid on the renal medulla was examined. Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups and gavage fed either suspension (control), mefenamic acid. mefenamic acid + caffeine or caffeine onlu for 4 months. Renal tissue taken from the corticomedullary junction was processed for electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections were cut after identification of vast rectae on survey sections. On subsequent morphometric analysis. percentage interstitial tissue was calculated from the total area of vasa recta less the noninterstitial tissue. The median prcentage of interstitial tissue in the mefenamic acid and caffeine group was 41 (range 33–50;n= 15) compared with 34 (20–48);n= 20 in mefenamic acid (P<0.01), 29 (15–42;n= 15) in caffeine only (P<0.001) and 32 (20–46;n= 18) in vehicle‐treated animals (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between mefenamic acid alone and vehicle or caffeine‐only gruops or between caffeins‐only and vehicle‐treated controls.This suggests that caffeine potentiates the effect of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. mefenamic acid, on the rat renal medulla, resulting in a quantitative increase in the intersitial tissue between adjacent afferent an

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711650411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY