ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have observed and defined morphometrically and histochemically groups of undifferentiated columnar cells within the surface epithelium in colorectal mucosa. They were present within both non‐polypoid and polypoid mucosa in familial adenomatous polyposis, and within non‐hereditary adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum. The cells show some evidence of proliferative activity and appear similar to cells previously described in the stomach which were proposed as precursors to type 3 sulphomucin‐secreting intestinal metaplasia in atrophic gastritis.To our knowledge, these observations have not been previously described. It is possible that the cells represent the cellular basis of the shift in the proliferative zone from the normal site at the crypt base to the colorectal mucosal surface, which is known to precede adenomatous polyp formation. The cells may therefore be involved in the early stages of colorectal adenoma form

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn previous studies of the expression and organization of proto‐oncogenes in human breast a significant correlation has been found between amplification ofc‐mycandc‐erbB‐2genes in carcinomas and poor short‐term prognosis. Gene expression was estimated by analysis of total RNA from tissues, and similarly assessment of gene organization relied upon extraction of DNA from tissues. The present study has compared the expression ofc‐mycandc‐erbB‐2mRNA as determined byin situhybridization, andc‐mycandc‐erbB‐2protein expression detected by immunohistochemistry in a group of carcinomas for which there was knowledge of genomic organization and/or expression.Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues of 38 carcinomas were assessed for the presence ofc‐mycprotein, and 13 of these were examined forc‐mycmRNA byin situhybridization. Similarly processed tissue from 14 tumours was tested forc‐erbB‐2protein using the antiserum21N and ten of these carcinomas studied forc‐erbB‐2mRN A localization.There was a good correlation between gene amplification, the presence ofc‐erbB‐2protein and mRNA: both the latter were detected in six of the seven carcinomas with an amplification but in none without. For some carcinomas there was a good correlation betweenc‐mycprotein and mRNA levels. Three carcinomas with gene amplification had a lower percentage of cells with detectable protein than showed hybridization for mRNA. Other carcinomas had a lower level of mRNA expression than protein. Neither approach could predict which carcinomas had amplification of thec‐mycgene. The subcellular localization of thec‐mycprotein was affected by fixation.Localization ofc‐erbB‐2protein and mRNA in routinely processed tissues could provide information of clinical value

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes a positive relationship between vimentin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma, and high tumour growth fraction. Vimentin expression is potentially a predictor of aggressive behaviour, and such carcinomas may benefit from early adjuvant therapy.Eighty‐four malignant breast neoplasms were stained with monoclonal anti‐vimentin and anti‐cytokeratin antibodies. The tumour growth fractions were determined by immunostaming cryostat sections with the Ki‐67 antibody. Seven (9.2 per cent) of 76 infiltrating ductal carcinomas co‐expressed cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filaments in more than 50 per cent of neoplastic cells. In each case, the corresponding Ki‐67 count was ≥40 percent, significantly higher than the mean growth fraction for all tumours examined (P<0.0001). Vimentin immunoreactivity was also positively related to the histological grade of the ductal carcinomas (P<0.002) and inversely related to tumour ER count (P<0.0002) and patient age (P<0.01). No relationship was observed between vimentin positivity and either the presence of axillary nodal metastases or primar

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of a technique for safe percutaneous fine needle biopsy of inaccessible lymph nodes is described. In a prospective study of 24 patterns, including five cases positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), this technique was used to provide diagnostic material. A firm diagnosis was made in 21 cases; four cases of Hodgkin's disease, 14 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, one case of Kaposi's sarcoma, one case of mycobacterial infection, and one which showed the features of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). In the cases of lymphoma, available serial sections allowed characterization of the tumour with immunocytochemistry. In three cases, no diagnosis could be made, with one of these requiring a subsequent open biopsy. Percutaneous fine needle biospy is ideal for patients unfit or unsuitable for general anaesthesia or surgery. The biopsy obtained gives the pathologist sufficient tissue for an accurate diagnosis in the majority of cases. The preservation of architecture and multiple sections available are advantages over fine needle aspiratio

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that when freshly isolated childhood T‐cetl acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells are incubated in growth medium after isolation from blood, chromatin is rapidly cleaved into nucleosomal sized fragments that are multiples of 200 bp. The fragmentation is similar to that observed in other types of cells undergoing apoptosis or programmed cell death. In this study we describe a more comprehensive approach to the study of DNA fragmentation in leukaemia. Fragmentation was observed in freshly isolated cells from patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and in one with common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Frozen samples of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and acute myeloid leukaemia cells also showed fragmentation of DNA. However, no fragmentation was evident in normal leukocytes treated under the same conditions. Ultrastructural studies on the isolated leukaemia cells demonstrate that the chromatin cleavage observed biochemically is associated with morphological changes characteristic of apop

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have examined the relationship between (a) histochemically demonstrable copper using rubeanic add, (b) copper‐associated protein (CAP) using orcein, and (c) immunoreactive metallothionein (MT) using DNP hapten sandwich staining and have correlated these with histological lesions in 95 liver biopsies from patients with conditions associated with hepatic copper retention, 4 fetal livers, and 25 historically normal adult controls.No copper or CAP was present in normal adult liver but periportal CAP was present in fetal liver. MT was present in hepatocytes of normal livers with a predominantly perivenular (centrilobular) cytoplasmic distribution varying in staining intensify; all fetal hepatocytes stained strongly for MT.Fifty‐two of 95 (55 per cent) abnormal livers contained CAP and 42 (44 per cent) contained both CAP and copper. In CAP‐positive livers, the commonest histological lesions were piecemeal necrosis and cholestasis.CAP was present in (a) 15/15 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis including early cases with minimal pathology; and (b) 5/5 cases of Wilson's disease, 6/6 cases of biliary atresia, and 3/9 cases of sclerosing cholangitis. In other conditions, it was present in 25–50 per cent of cases.MT distribution was abnormal in most CAP‐positive livers. Necrotic hepatocytes were intensely MT‐positive and in Wilson's disease had a characteristic

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs measurement of absolute glomerular size is difficult we developed a method of assessing glomerular size that was simple and practical and could be used to compare the kidneys in different groups of patients. Using a semi‐automatic image analyser, the cross‐sectional area of 100 randomly‐selected glomeruli, outlined by Bowman's capsule, was measured on sections of kidneys taken at necropsy. The mean of the logarithms of the largest 25 areas was calculated. The method was applied to compare control kidneys (53) with the kidneys in acromegalics (20), in patients with one kidney (10) and in patients with asymmetrical kidneys (12). Kidneys were heavier in the three test groups than in controls. Glomerular sizes were similar in controls and in acromegalics but were larger in single and disparate kidneys. There was a relationship between glomerular size and kidney weight within the control group and across the four groups taken together. This only partly accounted for the observed differences in glomerular size between the groups. Histologicai comparison of the acromegalic and single kidneys showed more global glomerulosclerosis in single kidneys and also segmental lesions, mainly at the glomerular hilum, only in the single kidneys. These findings show that renal enlargement occurs in acromegaly and in single and disparate kidneys but is accompanied by markedly different glomerular features. This implies different mechanisms for the renal enlargement. The method of assessing glomerular size is useful in the study of these and other conditions affecting the k

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been claimed that intrarenal injection of polycations results in proteinuria due to neutralization of glomerular basement membrane polyanionic charge without any glomerular morphological changes. To study the effects of polycation infusion on the renal glomerulus, the left kidney of rats was directly injected with protamine sulphate through the renal artery. Urine was collected from each kidney before and after injection, and protein excretion rates were determined. Ninety minutes after completion of the injection both kidneys were perfusion‐fixed and the morphology and colloidal iron staining of the kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy.Intrarenal injection of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg of protamine sulphate produced minimal or mild proteinuria in the majority of animals. Higher doses (5 mg) commonly resulted in decreased protein excretion associated with oliguria. Colloidal iron staining of glomerular polyanionic sites was undiminished when compared with control kidneys. Injection of protamine sulphate resulted in capillary thrombosis and severe damage to both glomerular and tubular epithelium in 6 of 16 kidneys. In the remaining kidneys, milder focal changes were apparent. Although its mechanism of action is unclear, it is apparent that protamine sulphate, even in small doses, is toxic to the cellular components of the glomerulus and tubules, thus accounting for the range of changes observed in renal functio

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRats received a dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or carbon tetrachlonde (CCl4). In the liver of rats given DMN, apoptosis of fat‐storing cells occurred at 7.5 h, and sinusoidal endothelial cell degeneration followed, with parenchymal cell necrosis after 9 h. Fibrin thrombi appeared in the sinusoids as well as in these necrotic areas after 12h. In contrast, in the liver of rats given CCl4, parenchymal cell degeneration was seen after 6 h and necrosis with fibrin thrombi developed after 9 h. Fat‐storing cells and endothelial cells were almost intact, and fibrin thrombi were not present in the sinusoids. SGPT values increased with decreased plasma levels of fibrinogen and antithrombin III and prolonged prothrombin time after 3 and 6 h, in the CC14and DMN models, respectively. An extensive reduction in plasma factor VIIIC levels and peripheral platelets was seen after 18 and 24 h, respectively, only in the DMN model. These results suggest that endothelial cells destruction can cause fibrin formation in the hepatic sinusoids in acute liver injury. Fatstoring cell injury may contribute to the destruct

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711580211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY