ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been adapted for use in gene expression studies. Using this technique, we have been able to specifically detectHerpes simplexvirus gene expression in the amount of RNA equivalent to that present in a single mouse ganglion. We have also detected specific transcription of the ras oncogene in biopsies of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. The single tube RNA PCR reaction should be readily adaptable for use as a rapid screening tool in virus diagnosis; it is capable of detecting several virus infections simultaneously using extremely small tissue biopsies.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA double‐labelling technique combiningin situhybridization and immunocytochemistry is described which was used to characterize cells in the central nervous system containing JC virus DNA in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues from four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. All four cases showed positive nuclear labelling for JC virus in both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The latter gave a strongly positive cytoplasmic staining reaction using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. No nuclear labelling of neurones or endothelial cells was noted. The results confirm previous suggestions that glia are the main cells infected by JC virus in this disorder and show that the distribution of viral DNA in the brain is more extensive than suggested by routine microscopy alone.In situhybridization for JC virus may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in both surgical biopsies and post‐mortem brain

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper identifies another neoplasm of epithelial origin which may express vimentin in addition to cytokeratins, thereby adding to the expanding list of tumours which demonstrate intermediate filaments (IFs) other than those of their reputed cell of origin.Twenty examples of benign breast disease and 66 carcinomas were examined for vimentin and cytokeratin IFs using an avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex technique. Co‐expression of these IF proteins was found in 35 per cent of cases of benign breast tissue and in 60 per cent of the carcinomas. In 8 (16 per cent) of 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, vimentin and cytokeratin immunostaining was observed in more than 60 per cent of the tumour cells. These carcinomas were predominantly of a high histological grade. In benign breast disease and well‐differentiated carcinoma, vimentin was distributed in the basal and perinuclear regions of the cells, with sparing of the apical portions. In those cases in which large numbers of tumour cells expressed vimentin, cytoplasmic staining was diffuse, and often exhibited distinctive perinuclear and subplasmalemmal accentuation.We propose that a knowledge of the list of carcinomas which may co‐express vimentin and cytokeratin IFs might be helpful in the assessment of undifferentiated tumours and metastatic

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSilver‐binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have been counted in sections of routinely processed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks and have been shown to assist in the distinction between benign and malignant lesions. We have examined 214 benign and malignant breast lesions by this method. The AgNOR counts were fibroadenomas 1.87 + 0.20 (mean + SD; n = 39), papillomas 1.92 + 0.21 (n = 28), sclerosing adenosis 1.96 + 0.24 (n = 23), epitheliosis 2.21 + 0.30 (n = 38), lobular carcinomain situ2.67 + 0.54 (n =9), intraduct carcinoma 3.75 + 1.33 (n = 37), and invasive carcinoma 4.22 + 1.18 (n = 40). However, the counts in 25–30 per cent of epitheliosis lesions and intraduct carcinomas overlapped in the region of 2–3 AgNOR dots per nuclear profile. The AgNOR counts in carcinomas were also compared with ploidy and growth phase fractions (S + G2+ M%) by flow cytometry. Thirty‐three of the 46 cancers with counts over 3 AgNOR dots per nuclear profile contained aneuploid cells (>10 per cent of the total), whereas 8 of the 12 with counts below 3 comprised diploid cells only (P0.10). We conclude that this method alone does not offer a reliable histological discriminant for malignancy in the breast. However, AgNOR counting may provide information on breast cancer prognosis supplementary to that obtained from DNA flow cytometric

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunophenotype of the lymphocytic reaction of melanocytic skin lesions (12 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), three of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle (HMF), and eight naevocellular naevi) has been studied using monoclonal antibodies. CMM was associated with the most intense lymphocytic reaction, the lymphocytes being T cells of both CD‐4 T helper/inducer and CD‐8 suppressor/cytotoxic subsets which were present in varying proportions. Although less marked, the lymphocytic reaction to HMF and benign naevi showed similar features. An antibody to the interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R; Tac, CD‐25) was included in the panel and the earlier findings of positively stained cells in association with CMM were confirmed. In addition, the novel finding of these cells in association with HMF and naevocellular naevi is reported. The number of these CD‐25 positive cells was extremely variable but they appeared most prominent in association with CMM. The findings presented here indicate that it is not possible to infer that CD‐25 positive lymphocytes present in the host response to CMM necessarily indicates tumour specific activation of the cells of the host

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive adult cases of IgA nephropathy associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were studied. Serum HBsAg and anti‐HBc were present in five patients and HBeAg in four patients. Glomerular changes were typical of primary IgA nephropathy in four patients, and a mixed picture of IgA and membranous nephropathy was demonstrated in one patient. Immunofluorescence microscopy using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBcAg revealed mesangial deposits of HBsAg in renal biopsies from four patients. One renal biopsy showed only mesangial and capillary HBcAg by polyclonal antiserum, and virus‐like particles were demonstrated in the intramembranous electron‐dense deposits on ultrastructural examination. Mesangial HBeAg was not detected in the renal biopsies from these patients with IgA nephropathy. As for the single patient with a mixed picture of IgA and membranous nephropathy, granular deposits of HBeAg with a distribution similar to IgG were detected in the glomerular capillary walls in addition to the mesangial deposition of HBsAg. These findings suggest that HBsAg rather than HBeAg may play a role of the pathogenesis in some of the adult patients with IgA nephropathy associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infe

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody MBrl defines the blood group H determinant with β 1 → 3N‐acetylgalactosamine linkage (Fucα 1 → 2Galβ 1 → 3GalNAc → R) carried by type 3 or 4 backbone. The distribution of the antigen detected by this antibody was studied immunohistochemically in liver tissues. Although bile ducts with a diameter of more than about 100 μm normally expressed the MBrl‐reactive antigen supranuclearly, smaller bile ducts and bile ductules did not express the antigen. In cirrhotic liver, proliferated bile ductules extensively expressed the MBrl‐reactive antigen. In spite of the absence in normal liver cells, the antigen was expressed membranously in some cirrhotic liver cells. Under subcellular fractionation, MBrl reactivity was almost exclusively recovered in the microsomal fraction. By HPTLC immunostaining, the major MBrl‐reactive antigen was shown to be carried by type 4 chain H glycolipid (globo‐H, Fuca 1 → 2Galβ 1 → 3GalNAcβ 1 → 3Galα 1 → 4Galβ 1 → 4Glcβ 1 → 1Cer). MBrl reactive glycoprotein was not found. In conclusion, although type 4 chain H glycolipid is not expressed by normal bile ductules and liver cells, it is actively synthesized and expressed by proliferated bile ductules and some of the liver cells in cirrhosis i

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that aged rats are more susceptible to the lethal effects of endotoxin as compared with young rats. The morphogenesis of early endotoxin‐induced pulmonary injury in young (6 months) and aged (24 months) rats was examined by combined light and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate cell populations that may be responsible for these effects. Pulmonary endothelial cell injury was of greater severity and occurred at earlier time periods in aged rats as compared with young rats. Platelet sequestration and aggregation were observed only in aged rats in this study, and occurred in conjunction with the initial degenerative changes in the endothelium. Morphological evidence of granulocyte degranulation and fragmentation was also observed only in aged rats. These results suggest that pulmonary endothelial cells of aged rats are more susceptible to endotoxin‐induced injury and that platelets may play an important role in the enhancement of initial endothelial damage. Furthermore, the extent of injury to the endothelial cell population may play an important role in accounting for differences in endotoxin‐induced mortality between young and aged

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711570411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY