ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have investigated the possible involvement of viruses, specificallyHerpes simplexvirus type 1, in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction, we have detected the viral thymidine kinase gene in post‐mortem brain from 14/21 cases of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and 9/15 elderly normals. The temporal cortex and hippocampus were usually virus‐positive; in contrast, the occipital cortex was virus‐negative in 9/9 SDAT cases and 5/5 elderly normals. Temporal and frontal cortex from younger normals (five infants and five middle‐aged) were negative. Thus, the presenceof Herpes simplexvirus type 1 DNA is a region‐dependent feature of the a

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have developed a highly sensitive non‐radioactivein situhybridization technique that enables us to study the production of mRNAs in tissues. As part of the validation procedure of our methods, we examined various methods of detecting poly‐A RNA tails of mRNA. We have used three types of biotin‐labelled probes complementary to poly‐A sequences: a 25‐mer poly‐dT oligonucleotide, a polymer of dT, and a heteropolymer of dT:rA. All the probes had the same specificity of reactivity but the heteropolymer of dT:rA gave the strongest signals as visualized histochemically by the use of alkaline phosphatase as the detection enzyme. All the probes tested for poly‐A detection showed reactivity. The poly‐dT oligonucleotide showed a strength of signal comparable to published results. The biotinylated polymer of dT gave a stronger signal than that of the oligonucleotide, and the heteropolymer was the strongest of all. The strong signal seen with the heteropolymer probe is due to probe complexing during hybridization, in which additional binding between sense and antisense strands of the probe (i.e. poly‐rA and poly‐dT) amplifies the number of biotin molecules at the hybridization site; this strategy has been exploited by us as a means of visualizing low copy number

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies using immunohistochemistry have shown variable hormone production by carcinoid tumours of the appendix. In order to confirm the existence of a specific subset of these tumours,in situhybridization using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to detect prc‐proglucagon and pre‐proinsulin mRNA was performed in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐ embedded material from eight tubular carcinoids, 12 insulin carcinoids, and two mucinous carcinoids. The results were correlated with standard silver and mucin stains. All tubular carcinoids but none of the insular or mucinouscarcinoids contained proglucagon mRNA. Proinsulin mRNA was not detected in any of the tumours. Tubular carcinoids of the appendix constitute a definable subset of appendiceal carcinoids which have a similar distribution and prognosis to typical insular carcinoids and can be diagnosed on hamaloxylin and eosin‐stained sections confirmed by routine special stains. The main need for recognition is to avoid confusion with mucinous carcinoids. which have a worse prognosis and may require more aggressive

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is believed to be implicated in the aetiology of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas developing in immunodeficient individuals including AIDS patients. EBV has also been associaled with Hodgkin's disease (HD), where the genomes have been demonstrated in the Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells in some of the cases. Recent evidence has shown that EBV genomes are transcribed in these cells, because the EBV‐encoded latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP‐1) can be demonstrated in the tumour cells in about half of the HD cases in HIV‐negative patients using immunohistochemistry. LMP‐1 is of special interest as a possible oncogenic agent because of its strong transforming capacityin vitro.In this study we have examined the expression of LMP‐1 in HD of HIV‐positive patients compared with HD in HIV‐negative patients. We investigated 18 lymph nodes from 16 HIV‐positive patients with HD (eight mixed cellularity, nine nodular sclerosis, one unclassified) using the CS. 1–4 anti‐LMP‐1 monoclonal antibodies, which can usually be applied successfully to archival biopsy material. In each case, 50–90 per cent of the tumour cells were labelled. Staining was excellent for both fixatives used (4 per cent buffered formalin, Bouin's fluid).It is concluded that EBV‐encoded LMP‐1 is firmly associated with HD of HIV‐positive patients. This is most conspicuous in the nodular sclerosing subtype HD in HIV‐positive patients, in which 100 per cent were LMP‐1 positive as compared with 32 per cent of nodular sclerosis HD in HIV‐negative cases in a previously published series. This difference is statistically significant (P<0.001). The possible biological and clinical significance of this difference s

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMyocardial biopsies taken during the management of cardiac transplantation were stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Counts of PCNA‐positive interstitial cells were compared, in retrospect, with the reported histological grade of rejection. Biopsies without rejection had negligible numbers of PCNA‐positive cells. Ascending grades of rejection were paralleled by an increase in the number of PCNA‐positive cells [grade 1,13±35 (mean ± SD); grade 2a, 38±40; grade 2b, 91±75; grade 3, 170±78]. While highly significant, in statistical terms, the overlap in the counts between different grades means that prediction of rejection from the PCNA count alone is not feasible. Biopsies graded as 0 or 1 and which immediately preceded more severe rejection episodes showed no increase in PCNA‐positive cells. The majority of PCNA‐positive cells are fibroblasts, although in grade 2b and 3 rejection a small population of PCNA‐positive T lymphocytes occurs. PCNA staining is also seen in cardiac myocytes immediately after transplantation, during rejection episodes, and late after transplantation in the absence of rejection. The positive PCNA staining of cardiac myocytes probably reflects DNA synthesis that occurs with the shift toward polyploid

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe murine monoclonal IgG1 kappa antibody TDM35 was raised against the cervical carcinoma cell line XH1. The antibody recognizes 18.5–66 kDa NCA‐like glycoproteins and immunostains a variety of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded normal, benign, and malignant tissues. It is of value in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas and it identifies foci of squamous and glandular differentiation in other tumours. TDM35 should form a useful addition to a panel of antibodies for the evaluation of epithelial

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInteractions between epithelia and the extracellular matrix are important in the medulation of cellular growth, differentiation, and motility. To investigate the possible roles of these interactions in the neoplastic process, this study examines the expression of the integrin subunits α2, α6, β1, and β4 and the stromal protein tenascin in 53 breast carcinomas, non‐involved breast tissue from 21 of these cases, and 32 normal/benign cases. Frozen tissue and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used throughout. Linear staining in relation to the basement membrane was seen for all integrins in the normal/benign cases. The carcinomas showed complete loss of reactivity in 65 per cent of cases for α2, 80 per cent for α6 and β4, and 90 per cent for β1. Those showing reactivity displayed a diffuse cytoplasmic type of staining. The non‐involved breast tissue showed linear basement membrane type staining with α2 and βl, but for α6 and β4 66 per cent of cases displayed reactivity identical to that of the corresponding tumour. For tenascin, band‐like staining around ducts was seen in normal/benign cases, with a diffuse coarse reactivity in all carcinomas. Most non‐involved cases stained as for normal breast. The altered α6β4 integrin staining in non‐involved tissue in cancerous breast may be an early event in the neoplastic process, and as such, may be of use as a marker

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA retrospective histopathological study of 300 women under 36 years of age was carried out to determine whether breast cancers occurring in oral contraceptive users showed any differences in pathological features compared with non‐users. The patients belong to an age group In which an increased risk of cancer development has been reported following oral contraceptive usage. The incidence of non‐neoplastic conditions in the residual breast was also studied in the two groups. There was little difference between breast cancers arising in pill users and non‐users but in the residual non‐neoplastic breast a decreased incidence of cysts and blunt duct adenosis was found in current users of the contraceptive pill. In contrast, lactational foci were found only in the breasts of pill users. The incidence of intraductal hyperplasia was not significantly different in the two

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetection of aneuploid subpopulations using flow cytometry requires stoichiometric binding of nucleic acid‐specific fluorochromes onto DNA. It is shown that parameters like cell type specificity and differentiation stage, cell cycle stage, loss of DNA‐integrity, cell preparation, and cytochemistry affect fluorochrome binding to DNA and give rise to the appearance of pseudo‐aneuploid cell populations. Intercalating as well as non‐intercalating fluorochromes show non‐stoichiometric DNA‐labelling in cell populations with identical DNA content, and pseudo‐aneuplpidy was found in flow cytometers equipped with either arc lamps or argon lasers. Pseudo‐aneuploidy was never observed with intercalating and non‐intercalating fluorochromes within identical specimens, consisting of cells of various differentiation states (e.g., bone marrow) or containing large numbers of dead cells. Therefore, fluorochromes exhibiting different base‐pair specificities or steric binding modes should be applied to be sure of the correct interpretation of small levels of hypo‐ or hyper‐dip

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711670411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY