摘要:

SummaryBlood was withdrawn from 15 dogs over the course of about 1 hour until the mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 60 mm Hg. Small aliquots of additional blood were withdrawn in order to maintain the mean arterial blood pressure near 60 mm Hg for an additional hour. Oxymorphone (0.4 mg/kg) was then administered intravenously to ten dogs, and all measurements were repeated in 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Five dogs served as controls.Heart rate, tidal volume, arterial oxygen, oxygen extraction, and pH significantly decreased after oxymorphone administration, while systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, systemic vascular resistance (transiently), breathing rate, minute ventilation, physiologic dead space, venous admixture, venous oxygen, arterial and venous carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate concentration increased significantly. Cardiac output was also increased, but the change was not statistically significant. Oxymorphone was associated with significantly lower heart rate, tidal volume, arterial oxygen, and pH, and higher systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, venous oxygen, and arterial and venous carbon dioxide, compared to the control group, which did not receive oxymorphone.Oxymorphone significantly improved cardiovascular performance and tissue perfusion in these hypovolemic dogs. Oxymorphone did cause a significant increase in arterial carbon dioxide and a decrease in arterial oxygenation. Oxymorphone is an opioid agonist that may represent a reasonable alternative for the induction of anesthesia in patients who are candidates for induction hypotension.

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1991.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVentilatory and metabolic compensation to acid‐base disturbances is reviewed. The mechanisms for compensation as well as the values obtained from several studies using normal dogs and dogs with experimentally induced diseases are provided. Compensation is not the same in dogs and human beings. Dogs have a better ability to adapt to most respiratory disorders, and human beings adapt better to metabolic acidosis. In metabolic alkalosis and chronic respiratory acidosis there is no difference in compensation between these species. Ventilatory compensation for metabolic disorders in dogs is the same whether they have metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis, whereas metabolic compensation in respiratory disturbances is less effective in acidosis. Values for the expected changes in PCO2in dogs with metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis, and for bicarbonate concentration (HCO3‐) in dogs with acute and chronic respiratory alkalosis and acidosis are presen

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1991.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHemolysis produced by peristaltic pump infusion of canine whole blood was studied in fresh (3‐hours‐old) and stored (21‐day‐old) blood units. Blood was pumped at infusion rates of 50, 100, and 200 ml/hr and compared to gravity flow blood at the same rates. IVAC 530 and 560 (peristaltic) and the Animed Flowset 100 (rotaty) pumps were evaluated.In the fresh blood group, the IVAC 530 did not produce significant hemolysis at any rate compared togravity infusion. Blood pumped through the IVAC 560 and the Animed Flowset 100 was significantly hemolyzed when compared to blood administered by gravity flow.Free plasma hemoglobin was higher in stored blood than in fresh blood for all groups. The Animed Flowset 100 demonstrated significant hemolysis at 50 and 100 ml/hr flow rates compared to free‐dripped blood, the IVAC 530, and the IVAC 560. All pumps hemolyzed blood more at 100 and 200 ml/hr than at 50 ml/hr.When fresh blood is transfused, it can be pumped through an IVAC 530 at 50, 100, or 200 ml/hr without significant hemolysis. The IVAC 560 produces an intermediate level of hemolysis. The Animed Flowset 100 is not recommended for pumping whole blood. Blood that has been stored for 21 days appears to have a much higher level of hemolysis than fresh blood at all infus

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1991.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ability of the SAV 6 high‐frequency jet ventilator to effectively ventilate three anesthetized, paralyzed cats (3.2–4.2 kg), two small dogs (7.2 and 10.0 kg), six medium‐sized dogs (20.5–25.0 kg), and three large dogs (36.0–43.0 kg) via a 14‐gauge (dogs) or a 16‐gauge (cats) catheter placed percutaneously into the trachea via the cricothyroid membrane or into a preplaced endotracheal tube was evaluated. The lowest driving pressure within the range of 0.25 to 2.0 kg/cm2(1 kg/cm2= 14.2 psi) and the highest cycle rate within the range of 60 to 240 per minute that would generate a PaCO2of 30 ± 3 mm Hg were determined.All animals could be ventilated to a PaC02of 30 ± 3 mm Hg by the endotracheal tube and transtracheal route, except the largest dogs, which couid be ventilated to an average PaC02of 36 mm Hg by the transtracheal route. The transtracheal route consistently required higher driving pressures and lower cycle rates than did the endotracheal tube route. Cats could be ventilated with a driving pressure of 0.25 kg/cm2; small dogs could be ventilated with 0.5 to 1.0 kg/cm2; medium‐sized dogs with 1.0 to 1.5 kg/cm2; and large dogs with 1.5 to 2.0 kg/cm2.The SAV 6 high‐frequency jet ventilator can effectively ventilate cats and dogs (7.2–43.0 kg) via a transtracheal catheter and

ISSN:1479-3261    

DOI:10.1111/j.1476-4431.1991.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY