摘要:

AbstractA series of monoazo disperse dyes derived from the coupling toN‐phenylmorpholine of diazotised anilines and aminothiazole derivatives is described. The colour, dyeing and fastness properties of the dyes is compared to those of the analogous dyes based onN‐ethyl‐N‐β‐hydroxy‐ethylaniline. Dyes from the ring closed heterocyclic coupling components dye synthetic‐polymer fibres in deep colours of good fastness properties and show significant hypsochromic colour shifts compared to the uncyclis

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350702

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synthesis of dibenzylamine from benzylamine and benzyl alcohol in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst has been carried out under pressure. Very high pressure has no beneficial effect on the synthesis of dibenzylamine. Under optimum conditions (473K, 3.10×106Nm−2; residence period 2h; benzylamine to benzyl alcohol mol. ratio, 1:2 and benzylamine to catalyst mol. ratio, 1:0.2174), the conversion of benzylamine to dibenzylamine was 88.5

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350703

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHere is presented the first step toward the practical application of a model of liquid‐liquid extraction column performance which includes the influence of drop size distribution, or of ‘forward mixing’. The theory, previously developed and described, has been used successfully to obtain model parameter values from experimental extraction data, including drop size distributions and solute concentration profiles. The presence of a significant settling zone height complicates the theory and poses difficulties. These were overcome by the reduction of the settling zone height to an insignificant level. Values of the continuous phase mass transfer, and axial dispersion, coefficients for an assumed (Handlos‐Baron) drop‐side model are reported. The overall mass transfer coefficients are confirmed to increase with

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350704

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCoke formation by steam cracking of propane over preoxidised and prereduced alloy foils has been studied in a tubular reactor at 810–850°C. Coke formation on preoxidised steel involves coke formation on the oxide scale which is low and coke formation on metal exposed by spalling of the scale which is high. Surface analysis by Auger spectroscopy (AES) reveals that the surface concentration of iron and nickel is low on the oxide scale and high on the exposed metal. Coke formation on the surface of the prereduced steel is low and the surface contains chromium and manganese as the predominant metal components. Differences in the product spectra obtained over preoxidised and prereduced steels is suggested to be due to the presence of surface iron and nickel which increases the production of coke and hydrogen and decreases the production of olefins in steam cracki

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350705

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhenol has been oxidised with aqueous hydrogen peroxide under a wide variety of conditions and yields of the catechol and hydroquinone products recorded. Catalysts tested included a number of transition metal and related ions of which only Cu+, Cu2+, Cr3+, WO42‐, Hg2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+gave any degree of success. Extensive tests with ferric ion established 2.5:1000, Fe3+:phenol mole ratio as being the optimum catalytic range. Temperatures lower than 30°C gave relatively high catechol:hydroquinone product ratios, about 1.9:1, but lowered the yields of dihydroxybenzenes to about 70% of theory. From experiments conducted over the pH range of 1 to 8 the optimum pH for high yield reactions was found to be 2 to 3. Operating at a hydrogen peroxide:phenol mole ratio of 0.30:1.0 gave the highest catechol:hydroquinone product ratios, 1.6:1.0. The catechol:hydroquinone ratio produced decreased as the ratio of reacting peroxide to phenol was increased. Optimised conditions gave dihydroxybenzene yields of 84 and 53% on phenol and hydrogen peroxide respectively, and ratios of 1.5:1 and 2.0:1, catechol:hydroquinone. A research stage economic summary from averaged pairs of experimental results gave a value added of $3.19 (technical grade products) or $8.47 (pure grades) per kg of catechol on a raw material cost base of $2.87, as two among four calculated cost evaluation scenari

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350706

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dissolution kinetics of original and calcinated samples of the boron containing mineral colemanite, in CO2‐saturated water were studied. Effects of particle size, calcination temperature and reaction temperature were evaluated. It was observed that the dissolution is chemically‐controlled. The reaction rate decreased with increase in particle size, and increased with increase in the calcination and reaction temperatures. The activation energy for solution of the sample calcinated at 400°C as calculated as 57.7 kJ m

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350707

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0264-3413    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5040350701

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY