摘要:

The incidence of osteoporotic fractures is at epidemic proportions in North America and will increase steadily as the population ages. Though people fall more often with age, most etiologic factors act through bone mass, and fracture risk at various sites has been found to increase exponentially with decline in bone mineral density (BMD). Thus research has focused on factors that affect BMD, particularly hormonal factors such as estrogen and calcitonin, resorption inhibitors, nutritional factors such as calcium and vitamin D, and physical activity.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A variety of bone mass measurement techniques is available that can accurately and precisely quantitate the bone mass at multiple skeletal sites. Longitudinal studies have unequivocally demonstrated the ability of bone density measurements to predict fracture risk. Bone mass measurement techniques are equally good or better predictors of fracture risk than cholesterol for heart disease or blood pressure for stroke. Clinical circumstances determine the technique to be used and the choice of site to be measured. Fracture risk is based on the measured bone mineral density, whereas comparisons to young-adult and age-matched means provide insight into the amount of bone loss and the presence of secondary metabolic bone disease.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Etidronate and sodium fluoride are two agents currently available for the treatment of osteoporosis. Both drugs are often considered by clinicians who are confronted with patients who have severe osteoporosis. However, neither drug has been approved for the management of osteoporosis by the Food and Drug Administration. Although quite dissimilar in mode of action, bioavailability, and administration, both compounds share some properties. Application of these agents in clinical medicine requires an in-depth understanding of the bone remodeling process. In this article, critical evidence concerning the effects of these two compounds in relationship to skeletal remodeling will be presented. A review of pertinent clinical trials with etidronate and fluoride may help the reader decide whether these drugs can be suitably applied in practice, especially to the geriatric population.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past decade, evidence has accumulated that skeletal tissues are a major storehouse of growth factors. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that bone-derived growth factors have anabolic effects on bone formation. This review discusses the physiologic role of three growth factor systems—(1) insulin-like growth factors, (2) transforming growth factor-β, and (3) bone morphogenetic proteins—in the regulation of local bone formation and the potential usefulness of these growth factors in the treatment of bone loss.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article provides information about the role of physical therapy in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Prevention begins with an assessment for risk factors associated with developing osteoporosis and includes a physical therapy program of exercises that stress weight bearing, posture, and strength; accident prevention techniques; and patient education. In treating a person who has already developed osteoporosis, the initial focus in physical therapy is on diminishing the pain and disability associated with the fractures that frequently result from the condition. Depending on the anatomic site of the fracture, treatment will also include a graded exercise program focused on increasing the patient's ambulation ability, strength, range of motion, and flexibility. The goal of treatment is to assist the patient in reaching an optimal level of function within the constraints of the condition.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exercise is important in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Exercise reduces fracture risk in older adultsby increasing quantity and quality of bone, muscular strength, flexibility, and gait velocity and reducing the severity of falls. The optimum form of exercise to stimulate skeletal response has not been determined. Welldesigned studies have shown maintenance or increases in bone mineral density, endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Understanding the mechanism of how the bone cell membranes transduce mechanical stress, pressure, or electrical charges to increase cellular metabolism will open new opportunities in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article presents a clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of the patient with osteoporosis. Initially, a complete medical history, including assessment of the impact of osteoporosis on activities of daily living and psychologic function, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory evaluation is required. Subsequently, the goals of osteoporosis treatment are pain control, maximization of function, maintenance of bone mass, and fracture prevention. These goals may be best achieved by multidisciplinary team effort. Nutritional status, with emphasis on calcium and vitamin D intake, is assessed and optimized. A program of exercise to increase muscle strength and endurance is initiated. Patient education regarding proper body mechanics, fall prevention, and osteoporosis in general is provided. Finally, an assessment of fall risk and appropriate medical therapy aimed at preservation of bone mass is instituted.

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0882-7524    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID