摘要:

AbstractThe central theme of the address is the circulation of electricity through the atmosphere.Clouds from which precipitation is falling act as generators of electricity. Recent worli by Sir George Simpson and Mr. F. J. Scrase supports the view that the separation of positive and negative electricity is mainly due to the impact of snow particles in the upper parts of the clouds. The snow particles carry negative electricity downwards and a current of positive electricity flows upwards to the “Heaviside layer” to come down again in distant places where fine weather happens to prev

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy fuel combustion man has added about 150,000 million tons of carbon dioxide to the air during the past half century. The author estimates from the best available data that approximately three quarters of this has remained in the atmosphere.The radiation absorption coefficients of carbon dioxide and water vapour are used to show the effect of carbon dioxide on “sky radiation.” From this the increase in mean temperature, due to the artificial production of carbon dioxide, is estimated to be at the rate of 0.003°C. per year at the present time.The temperature observations a t zoo meteorological stations are used to show that world temperatures have actually increased at an average rate of 0.005°C. per year during the past half ce

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Expedition maintained a station for a year at 80° 23′ N. 19° 31′ E. on the NTIV. coast of North East Land, and other stations for shorter periods on the west coast and on the ice cap in the interior of the country.This paper gives monthly means and extreme values of the usual meteorological elements, as observed a t these various stations together with a general comparison between them.Although there is reason to believe that the winter was an unusually mild one, the observations seem t o disprove the tradition of continual gales, a wind velocity of 12 to 14 m.p.h. being maintained during the dark time. Sudden large fluctuations in temperature occurred in the winter and spring, changes of 30° F. being recorded in one day. In spite of the high latitude, temperatures above 15° F. were recorded during every month of the year. An almost constant feature of the summer weather was the mist which enveloped the ice‐cap station (1,700 ft.) and which was usually observed about 300 ft. up on the hills near the

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSystematic and detailed meteorological observations were maintained by the British East Greenland Expedition, 1935‐36, under the leadership of L. R. Wager. The expedition's coastal base was at Kangerdlugssuak (68° 10′ N.) in a region, previously little known, which is of distinct meteorological interest. The records have been discussed in some detail and compared with those of Danish stations, and those of a previous Norwegian expedition; the courtesy and help of the Danish and Norwegian authorities is gratefully acknowledged. The British observations, reduced and tabulated, are available at the Royal Metcorological Society; summaries only are appended here, by reason of lack of space. Conclusions are reached with regard to the meteorological characteristics of the region, notably the occurrence of fjord gales and precipitation. It is hoped that the general discussion of this excellent set of observations will be of value to others working on the problems 01 Greenland meteorology. Maps and photographs will be found, accompanying the general account of the espedition, in theGeographical Journal, Vol.90, November,

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor air‐survey work and other specialised daylight flying it is important to know for some hours ahead in fine weather the amount of the sky that will be covered by cloud and the height at which the cloud will exist. Readings of the dry‐ and wet‐bulb thermometers at 50 mb. intervals provide information which, when plotted on a tephigram or similar diagram, enables a forecaster to predict with useful accuracy the amount, height and thickness of clouds during the day. Temperature and dew‐point at 4 ft. in the forecast area and the probable rise of temperature arc required to give the height of potential condensation, while the relation between the condensation temperature and the temperature of the environment is the criterion for cloud formation.Cloud thickness is judged by the relation between the saturation adiabatic through the condensation point and the actual temperatures above, while cloud amount is estimated by the relative humidity of the environment a t the condensation level.The application of this technique to the various situations met in day‐to‐day forecasting is described and

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt Bombay thunderstorms invariably move overhead in some east‐west or west‐east direction according as they are “heat” thunderstorms or “line‐squall” thunderstorms. Lln analysis has been made of the charge brought down by rain during the passage of 23 thunderstorms over Bombay in the years 1930‐32. During 1930‐31, nine thunderstorms transferred to each sq. cm. of ground 0.52 E.S.U. of positive charge and 0'75 E.S.U. of negative charge, and during 1931‐32 fourteen thunderstorms transferred to each sq. cm. of ground 0.59 E.S.U. of positive charge and 1.46 E.S.U. of negative charge. Therefore, the 23 thunderstorms, collectively transferred t o each sq. cm. of ground 1.11 E.S.U. of positive charge, and 2.22 E.S.U. of negative charge. Estimating that an area of (100 km.)2received charge at the rate recorded at Bombay, it is concluded that on the average each thunderstorm transferred to the ground an excess of about 2 × 103 coulombs of

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427507

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427508

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427509

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427510

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0035-9009    

DOI:10.1002/qj.49706427511

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1938

数据来源: WILEY