摘要:

The regulation of limb and systemic blood circulation was studied in 12 extensive lower extremital and 8 extensive upper extremital arteriovenous shunts. The limb blood flow was determined by the venous isotope dilution method. The cardiac output and the mean transit time were measured by the dye dilution method. Measurements to determine the limb blood flow were made on the side of the arteriovenous shunt as well as on the contralateral (healthy) side. The results of the measurements were compared with the data of patients having an intact circulation. According to these investigations, the limb blood flow nearly triples the normal value under the influence of extremital arteriovenous fistula. Nevertheless, the limb blood flow of the contralateral (healthy) extremity is also in a small degree – but significantly – higher than the normal flow. According to the arteriovenous fistula, the extremital cardiac output fraction is higher than the normal value, while, in the same time, in the healthy, contralateral extremity it is smaller. The arteriovenous oxygen difference in arteriovenous fistula is pathologically low, while the total oxygen uptake of extremital tissues is normal. The blood circulation assumes a hyperkinetic character under the influence of arteriovenous shunt: the cardiac output increases, the velocity of circulation accelerates, the total systemic vascular resistance diminishes. Following the operative elimination or ceasing of the arteriovenous shunt, the changes of circulation mostly regress. According to the calculations made by the authors, the blood flow perfusing through the fistula in an extensive arteriovenous shunt might have been some liters per min

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157918

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present paper deals, firstly, with an in vitro determination of impedance of large sections of carotide arteries. These experiments were thought of as a complement to our earlier experiments on the living animal. Their results can also be explained by a diminished damping factor, when the vascular muscles are brought into a contracted state. In some further experiments, pressure alone was recorded; the vessel was connected to a pump with sinusoidal movement of its piston, as in the first series of experiments. If the pump is set in such a position that, at the beginning of its movement, the piston is near the entrance for the artery attached to it, and when the vessel is inactive, the pump will produce pressure waves whose maxima will coincide with the static pressure before the onset of pumping. On the other hand, if the vessel is brought to an excited state by application of histamine, the pressure maxima exceed the pressure at rest. We conclude, therefore, that an excited vessel will produce additional forces or tension when it is quickly stretched and will follow the stretch, even when the frequency of these stretches is as high as 1 to 4 cps.

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157919

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The behavior of the relative pulse volume in the forearm during attacks of coronary pain was examined in 10 cases.During coronary pain, the relative pulse volume in the left forearm was significantly reduced. After subsidence of pain, the relative pulse volume returned to normal. These observations seemto indicate that the pathogenesis of pain in the upper left extremity is related toreduced blood flow in this limb.

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157920

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It has been shown previously, by plethysmographic measurements, that experimental lymphedema can be treated successfully by administration of coumarin and by massage. The present study confirms this fact by histological examination.

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157921

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A significant protective effect is afforded against dextran oedema by external thoracic duct cannulation; the protective effect of coumarin is even more pronounced. The theoretical background of these phenomena is discussed.

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157922

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fine structure of the initial lymphatics is discussed, especially that relating to the endothelial intercellular junctions and the structures (e.g., extracellular filaments) which relate to their functioning. Material enters the initial lymphatics basically via the open junctions; it is retained in them because these junctions become too small for macromolecules to traverse them during tissue compression. Various theories about what causes material to enter the lymphatics are examined. It is suggested that, except in oedema when hydrostatic pressure is important, the osmotic pressure produced by the concentration of macromolecules inside the lymphatics causes fluid to enter the vessels and that the macromolecules are carried by the fluid. The concentration is considered to be caused by the expulsion of fluid through the junctions during tissue compression.

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157923

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1018-1172    

DOI:10.1159/000157924

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1972

数据来源: Karger