摘要:

ABSTRACTThe need for significant amounts of calcium in the diets of growing children has been well‐documented. However, recent evidence suggests that calcium continues to play a vital role in the body throughout life and that current RDAs for calcium need to be increased. This article reviews the current problem of low calcium intake in the United States among all age groups, the role of calcium in the formation and maintenance of bone mass, and major factors influencing calcium absorption. The specific problem of calcium deficiency and osteoporosis is discussed and current recommendations for RDAs are provided. The importance of the individual building as much bone mass as possible prior to the age of 30 is discusse

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the important role of community organization in providing the enabling and reinforcing factors necessary for students to adopt dietary behavior changes recommended in a school health education program for cardiovascular health. The “Hold the Salt!” program was designed to teach sixth grade students and their families about the link between high sodium diets early in life and increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and to significantly reduce pupils' intake of high‐sodium snacks. The program consists of four educational components: a classroom cafeteria curriculum unit built around a board game; parent outreach; health provider reinforcement; and community support. The program was tested in an experimental group (n = 53) of urban, black, sixth grade students, whose knowledge and behavior changes were compared to a control group (n = 23) with similar demographic statistics. Data collected before and after the school program showed a 20% increase in knowledge about sodium and health (p<.01) and a 33% decrease in reported high‐sodium snack consumption (p<.05) in the experimental group compared to no significant knowledge or reported behavior changes in the control group. The program was piloted for two years in Baltimore City elementary schools, then adopted by the Maryland State Dept. of Education for dissemination as part of the Home Economics curriculum in all of the state's middle

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA descriptive study correlated depression in children with parental perceptions and with teacher report card ratings of school achievement and adjustment. Two hundred and twenty children, age six‐to‐12 years, and parents of approximately half the sample, were interviewed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS). Symptoms of depression were discovered in 10% of the children. Sixty‐eight percent of parents were unaware of their child's depression. Parents were most aware of sleeping problems, physical complaints, and academic achievement and least aware of social withdrawal, tiredness, depressed feelings, and suicidal ideations. Most depressed students achieved at grade level in reading and math, but they received lower grades for effort than nondepressed students. Depression was associated significantly with inability to work and play, both alone and in a

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring a four‐year period, an instrument to identify stress was developed from items suggested by students from a search of related literature, and from a jury of experts. The 100‐item instrument, including four subcategories, was administered to more than 1,200 students at 23 colleges. Means were computed to the total test, subcategories, and individual items according to frequency and intensity. Responses of men and women were sufficiently different to warrant establishing separate means; women scored higher than men. The degree of stress reported by women decreased with each grade level, but peaked in the sophomore year for men and declined thereafter. Academic factors were cited most frequently as a source of stress, while Relationships and Home and Community factors ranked high in stress intensity. The instrument provides a valuable tool to assist students identify factors that could be targeted for stress management. The instrument also could be used as a tool for further stress management resea

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA dramatic increase in the number of preschool children in US day care facilities has presented new problems in infectious disease control, particularly with agents transmitted through the fecal‐oral route. As the school health field broadens to encompass the day care setting, such issues are becoming increasingly important for school health practitioners. Hepatitis A has attributes favoring day care‐related reservoirs and outbreaks. The anicteric course of infection in young children usually does not alert the school health practitioner to infectious hepatitis. This article reviews epidemiologic and clinical features of hepatitis A in day care centers. Control measures including immunoglobulin prophylaxis for contacts of infected individuals and rigid attention to hygienic standards are examined, and suggestions for designing day care systems in communities are discus

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study examined the validity and reliability of a short obesity knowledge scale. A 12‐item test was developed around the four aspects of obesity: etiology of obesity; diseases related to obesity; weight loss techniques; and general information on obesity. Four forms were developed: true/false, true/false/uncertain, multiple choice, and Likert response. Comparisons of the four test formats with 187 subjects revealed a variety of internal reliabilities, stability reliabilities, item discriminations, and readability score

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA questionnaire was administered to 1,734 university students and 381 high school students enrolled in drug education programs, surveying student opinions about the credibility of various proposed message sources. Five sets of proposed message sources were presented to each subject; each set consisted of one proposed source category that did not require a college education, one source that required a baccalaureate degree, and one that was a doctoral‐level, university‐trained professional with relevant experience. “Doctoral‐level, university‐trained professionals with relevant experience” was found to be the message source deemed most credible by both groups

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4391    

DOI:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY