摘要:

The Zygomycetes includes a number of mycoparasitic genera, which differ in their strategies of parasitism.Piptocephalis, Dispira, DimargarisandTieghemiomycesare typical biotrophs, and display many features associated with this mode of infection, such as the formation of haustoria.Dicranophora, SpinellusandSylgiles,on the other hand, apparently form necrotrophic associations with moribund toadstools, although it is difficult to define the boundary between mycoparasitism and competitive saprophytism. There are also zygomycetes, such asChaetocladiumandSyncephalis,which have modes of infection which do not fit neatly into either category above, but apparently share necrotrophic and biotrophic characteristics. Initially the infection process ofSyncephalisresembles that ofPiptocephalis,but it is followed by a rapid internal growth of parasitic hyphae and concomitant destruction of host cytoplasm.Chaetocladiumforms gall‐like structures on suitable host fungi and its growth is enhanced by this association. Circumstantial evidence suggests that these galls are functionally different from those formed byParasitelladuring a pseudo‐sexual response to the presence of another fungus. Zygomycetes also act as hosts for several other mycoparasitic fu

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fine structure of sporangiospores found in members of the Choanephoraceae, Cunninghamellaceae, Mortierellareae, Mucoraceae, Pilobolaceae, Syncephalastraceae and Thamnidiaceae (Mucorales) is reviewed. Sporangiospore structure in the merosporangiferous Dimargaritaceae (Dimargaritales), Kickxellaceae (Kickxellales) and Piptocephalidaceae (Zoopagales) is also considered briefly for comparison with the merosporangiferous Syncephalastraceae.

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The liberation of asexual propagules in the Mucorales was investigated by means of wind‐tunnel experiments. Some species do not liberate propagules into an air stream, others liberate single spores or groups of spores. The effect of the relative humidity of the air stream upon propagule liberation has also been considere

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A synopsis of the biology of the Ascomycotina. A wide variety of classifications of the Ascomycotina has been proposed but a consensus is being reached on the main orders that it is appropriate to recognize. Most of these orders are well characterized with respect to their ecology and nutritional requirements although defined primarily on morphology. The 43 orders are displayed diagrammatically to illustrate their host and substratum requirements. This display is intended to stimulate argument and research by broadening the consideration of evolutionary pathways to include ecological and nutritional factors. It will also be of value as a teaching aid; overlays can be constructed to show additional features not treated here.

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The new generic nameKirschsteiniotheliais introduced for the group of species close toMicrothelia incrustans.The genus belongs to the Dothideales and is referred to the Pleosporaceae. Six species are accepted:K. acerina, K. aethiops(anamorph:Dendryphiopsis alra), K. maritima, K. recessa, K. striatisporaandK. thujina.A key to the species is provided and illustrations showing the variations in ascomatal development and ascospore sizes and shapes are included. In a review of the nomenclature ofMicrotheliait has been found necessary to provide a lectotype forAmphisphaerinaandA. texensisis referred toArthopyrenia.

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(Hyphomycetes).Padixonia bisporaproduces two kinds of conidium arranged as acropetal tandem pairs. The pair consists of a distal enteroblastic conidium connected via a narrow neck to a proximal broad‐based holoblastic conidium. The proximal blastospore is derived from a branched conidiphore axis and initially forms as a distal conidiogenous cell from which arises the distal blastospore. The wall between the two conidia is formed from the narrow neck occluded by a layered plug. Conidial maturation is concurrent with conidiogenesis. Secession of the proximal spore is by a rounding‐off mechanism with circumscissile rupture of the outer layer of the continuous wall between the conidiogenous cell and the conidium and concurrent schizolysis of the duplex septum. The distal blastospore is released by mechanical transverse tearing of the plug through an undulate abscission zone. The abscission zone has two major concentric rings of thickening. The outer ring is derived from the outer layer of proximal spore cell w

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐four species were found on driftwood–two Basidiomycotina, six Deuteromycotina and 36 Ascomycotina. The most common species wereHaligena elaterophora, Herpotrichiella ciliomaris, Remispora maritima, Halosphaeria appendiculataandCeriosporopsis halima.Three species not previously illustrated are discussed. Ten new records for Washington State, U.S.A. are listed in Table 1. SEM observations on spore appendages inBanhegyia, Ceriosporopsis, Haligena, Herpotrichiella, Lulworthia, RemisporaandTorpedosporaare gi

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An isolate ofP. herbarumfrom beet seed failed to discharge ascospores in darkness but did so when exposed to light either continuously or cyclically (12 h light/12 h dark). When colonies with mature asci were subjected to a regime of alternating light and darkness for 54 days at a constant temperature of 20°C, ascospores were discharged over the entire period. Maximum discharge occurred on the 23rd day; few spores were liberated towards the end of the period. Light‐induced spore discharge occurred over a wide temperature range (10–30°C) with the optimum being approximately 14–23°C. When light of different wavelengths (300 nm‐infrared) was tested, only near‐ultraviolet (310–330 nm) radiation stimulated ascospore discharge. Vertical height of ascospore discharge was also determined. When ascospores were trapped above colonies over a range of heights (2–80 mm), most spores were caught at 2 mm; none was caught at heights above 30 mm. The number of spores trapped at 30 mm was only 1.3% of the

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A modem, illustrated description ofClarkeinda trachodes,the only species of a little known genus from SE Asia, is provided, together with an outline of the historical background. The outstanding problems concerning basidiospore colour, spore‐wall structure and metachromasy, the status of clamp‐connections and the partial veil, and the pileipellis structure are established on the basis of recent collections. The position of the genus within the family Agaricaceae is considered, and a close relationship withChlorophyllumandHymenagaricusis confir

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

BasidiosporesoiCoprinus cinereuswere examined before and during spore discharge using light microscopy, and SEM of frozen‐hydrated and other preparations. The process of droplet development at the hilar appendix was divided into three stages: pre‐droplet, early and late enlargement. The fully expanded droplet was preserved only in frozen‐hydrated specimens. Two‐step droplet enlargement was also observed with TEM inBoletus rubinellus,and the droplet at the early enlargement stage was enclosed by a trilaminate membrane. The droplet was not observed inAuriculariaspecies, but basidiospore preservation for SEM was optimum inAuricularia auriculawith frozen‐hydrated preparations. The hilar appendix ofAuricularia fuscosuccineaas studied by TEM was simple compared with those of the Homobasidiomycetes. The implications of the data for evolution of the ballistosporic basidiospore and the discharge mechanism are c

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY