摘要:

CAIN, A. J., 1994. Rank and sequence in Caspar Bauhin's Pinax. Bauhin's consistent use of genera, species and binominals, applauded by historians as anticipating Linnaeus's theory and practice, does not appear on closer examination to be intended as anything of the sort. His use of the terms genus and species is as in Aristotelian logic, with a shifting reference, at all taxonomic levels. His typographical layout, emphasizing (but far from invariably employing) single‐word names for effectively generic entities, often qualified by ‘and its species’, gives the impression of Linnaean practice, and coincides with it not infrequently, but not with Linnaean theory. The main entities for which it can be said that Bauhin uses fairly consistently a biverbal binominal name‐phrase, like Linnaeus' trivial names, were in fact in Linnaeus's eyes two levels of supraspecific groupings. The main entities in Bauhin which Linnaeus recognized as species, as is shown by his quotations in the Species plantarum, are subdivisions of his biverbally or nearly biverbally named groupings, but themselves have multiverbal names. These correspond closely to Linnaeus's diagnostic specific names, not at all to his biverbal trivial names. Bauhin probably had no conception of the species and genus as ranks in the modern sense, first adumbrated by Tournefort and utilized by Linnaeus. Bauhin certainly tried to group forms by natural affinity, as did Theophrastus before him and Linnaeus afterwards. Not being alerted to the importance of the details of the flower and fruit, he used what characters he could find, notably, but not by any means exclusively, leaf shape. He composed the Pinax as a nomenclatural concordance to earlier authors, notably Dioscorides, Theophrastus and Pliny. He retained the sequence of major groups of Theophrastus (as the greatest authority on plants) but reversed it to start with the best‐known plants, grasses. Where Theophrastus gave no help, in the cryptogams, Bauhin inserted as a pendant his own series from ferns down to fungi, using the Aristotelian principles of the gradation of forms. His overall arrangement, therefore, is not a simple progression but a chain with pendants. Bauhin is far closer to earlier authors than to Linnaeus, but his typography, along with other authors, may well have helped to incite Linnaeus to a more rigorous and consistent use of ranked groups and biver

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

KORPELAINEN, H., 1994. Growth, sex determination and reproduction of Dryopteris filix‐mas (L.) Schott gametophytes under varying nutritional conditions. Gametophyte isolates originating from two populations of Dryopteris filix‐mas (L.) Schott were grown in culture media containing different amounts of nutrients. Both nutrition and source population significantly affected gametophyte growth, sex, reproduction and mortality. Taking into account the most optimal nutritional condition for the selfing of gametophytes originating from individual source sporophytes, the proportions of hermaphrodites reproducing by intragametophytic selfing in the two populations varied from 33 to 96% and from 54 to 100%, respectively. It is emphasized that when examining the amount of genetic load only hermaphrodites, not all individuals, should be included, and genetic load should be estimated from the growth experiments where the intensity of reproduction is at the maximum. It was detected that hermaphroditic gametophytes are considerably larger than males or asexuals. It follows that gametophyte size is decisive in sex determination. It is suggested that the effect of antheridiogen hormones, which is considered to be an important factor in gametophyte sex determination, is indirect. Antheridiogens would actually affect size, and size would influence sex expression. The ecology of fern mating systems, and the different genetic and nongenetic factors which promote intergametophytic matings are discus

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

TODOROVIĆ, T.&STEVANOVIĆ, B., 1994. Adaptive characteristics of the endemic species Satureja horvatii Šilić (Lamiaceae) in mountain‐mediterranean and mediterranean habitats. Morphoanatomical analysis in two popoulations of Satureja horvatii from habitats of different altitudes in the Orjen‐Lovćen mountain massif (Montenegro, Yugoslavia) disclosed important adaptive differences and ecological plasticity of this local endemic species. The Satureja horvatii population growing on Mt. Orjen (1540m) comprises mesoxerophytes, while the population from the foothills of Mt. Lovćen (280 m) is of a typical xerophytic type, as demonstrated by the ecoanatomical study of the

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Atlas of Sexual Reproduction In Plants M. Cresti, S. Blackmore and J. L. van Went. BerlinFunctional Ecology of Woodlands and Forests by J. R. Packham, D. J. L. Harding, G. M. Hilton and R. A. StuttardPollen Biology. A Laboratory Manual by K. R. Shivanna and N. S. RangaswamyThe Orchid Book. A Guide to the Identification of Cultivated Orchid Species by J. CullenThe Genus Arum by P. BoyceFundamentals of Orchid Biology by J. Arditti.Phytogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family by R. L. DressierStewart&Carry's Flora of the North‐East of Ireland, 3rd ed by P. HackneyBritish Plant Communities. Vol. 3. Grasslands and Montane Communities by J. S. RodwellThe Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants by T. N. Taylor and E. L. TaylorSteam's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners by W. T. StearnThe European Discovery of the Indian Flora by R. DesmondIllustrated Encyclopedia of Bible Plants by F. N. HepperAuthors of plant names: a list of authors of scientific names of plants, with recommended standard forms of their names, including abbreviations by R. K. Brummitt&C. E. PowellEricas of South Africa by D. Schumann, G. Kirsten&E. G. H. Oliver.List of Vascular Plants of the British Isles by D. H. KentFlóra Slovenska, vol. 4(3) by Lýdia BertováMedicinal Plants of India, Vols 1&2 by S. K. Jain&R. A. DeFilippsA Guide to Temperate Myxomycetes by N. E. Nannenga‐BremekampAngiosperm Evolution. No Abominable Mystery by A. D. J. MeeusePlants in Cardiology by A. HollmanFuture Forest Resources of Western and Eastern Europe by S. Nilsson, O. Salinas and P. Duinker. C

ISSN:0024-4074    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb01842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY