ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOlder people are increasingly the focus of biomedical and behavioral research not only because the elderly constitute the fastest growing segment of our population but because there is a societal concern to improve the alderfly's quality of life. The profound need to advance that research carries with it an equally profound obligation to protect the rights and welfare of elderly research subjects, and thus raises difficult ethical and legal issues. Against a background of foundational principles for the protection of human subjects, we discuss whether older subjects should be treated as a special class, the ethical and legal issues over informed consent, capacities for consent, and special problems related to cognitive impairment. We discuss surrogate/proxy consent procedures in research, recruitment of elderly subjects, conflicts of interest, special problems regarding institutional research, and risk/benefit analyses. We offer recommendations and practical guidelines for conducting current and future research involving elderly participants.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch is reviewed on the memory abilities of elderly eyewitnesses. Two major issues are addressed: First, how credible are elderly witnesses? Second, how accurate are they? Despite negative stereotypes regarding elderly eyewitnesses, they do not necessarily lack credibility at trial. In terms of their memory performance, older witnesses are as accurate as young adults in many respects, but they are particularly vulnerable to misleading information that is presented after the witnessed event. Furthermore, their performance varies depending on the type of information that is sought and the manner in which their memory is assessed. Recommendations are made for improving the reliability of testimony that is offered by elderly eyewitnesses.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElder abuse has become the most recently “discovered” form of intrafamilial violence. Most states have enacted elder abuse statutes or have amended their adult protection acts to specify the elderly. A majority of jurisdictions have included mandatory reporting requirements within their statutes. Commentary has been fiercely opposed to mandatory reporting for a variety of reasons. Compelled reporting does not appear to increase the number of reports filed, while enforcement of the schemes depletes much of the funds devoted to elder abuse. Definitions of elder abuse are contradictory and vague. Mandatory reporting requirements suggest that legislators believe elders are unable to determine whether reporting is in their own best interests and thus is an ageist response to the problem of elder abuse. Finally, few services are available to families in which elder abuse has been verified and even fewer program evaluations have been performed to assess these services. Mandatory reporting to identify elder abuse is not appropriate in the absence of programs found to be help

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article descriptively overviews the important and growing contemporary American phenomenon of abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older persons in home and institutional settings by their informal and formal caregivers. The article first discusses definitions and forms of elder mistreatment, followed by a summary of risk factors for victims and mistreaters. The role of health and social service providers in the identification, referral, treatment, reporting, and proof of suspected cases of elder mistreatment is then surveyed. Specific societal interventions based on the state's parens patriae authority to protect the most vulnerable citizens are listed, as are some of the most vexing ethical and public policy questions confronting policy makers and practitioners about society's proper response to the unpleasant reality that older people are sometimes seriously mistreated. The article concludes with a discussion of the researcher's obligation to report elder mistreatment which is observed during the come of the research.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a descriptive study of mental capacity assessments. Two criteria to assess the ability to make decisions, the acknowledgement of personal limitations, and the ability to understand the consequences of persons limitations were the criteria, investigated. The effectiveness of these criteria in differentiating capable/incapable persons supports the use of these criteria as part of the assessment of mental capacity. Nevertheless, the criteria applied are not a sufficient determinant of capacity in every case.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinicians are commonly asked to participate in the determination of an individual's mental capacity and susceptibility to undue influence. Vague statutory definitions and lack of operational criteria for both determinations have contributed to inconsistency in the quality and usefulness of expert input to these determinations. Questionnaire responses of 119 probate judges from the U.S. indicate that this input is quite influential despite the problems mentioned above. This paper presents and discusses the judges' views on selected procedural and conceptual aspects of expert evaluation and testimony.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent legislative and regulatory developments have focused attention on older adults' capacity for involvement in health care decision‐making. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 87) focused attention on the rights of nursing home residents to be involved in health care decision‐making to the fullest extent possible. This article uses data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) to examine rates of incapacity for health care decision making among nursing home residents. Elements of the Oklahoma statute were used to operationalize decision making incapacity: disability or disorder, difficulty in decision‐making or communicating decisions, and functional disability. Fifty‐three percent of nursing home residents had a combination of either physical or mental impairment and an impairment in either self‐care or money management. The discussion focuses on the policy and practice implications of significant rates of incapacity among nursing home

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe importance of autonomy and choice to nursing home residents' well‐being has been well established. This paper examines the complex role of regulation as it affects the autonomy of nursing home residents. Nonstandardized interviews with residents, family members, nursing staff members, and administrators were conducted at three nursing homes in suburban Maryland. These anecdotal interviews identified the most problematic areas where regulations enforce barriers to autonomy and control. These areas include: scheduling of activities of daily living, food portions, physical environment, and documentation. Suggestions for possible improvements are discusse

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370130310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY