ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe juvenile justice system as we know it today evolved in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a result of reformers' desires to create separate juvenile courts designed to rehabilitate delinquent youths. The first step of the current system is the intake phase where a probation officer decides whether a petition should be filed against the juvenile or whether the juvenile should be diverted to a social service agency. If a petition is filed, the next issue that arises is whether the juvenile will be detained pending the hearing on the petition. In most instances, the minor will be released to the custody of his or her parents unless there is evidence that the juvenile will flee or engage in additional criminal conduct prior to the hearing. The juvenile court, in most states, will also determine whether the juvenile will benefit from the rehabilitative treatment offered by the juvenile court. If not, the matter will be transferred to adult court. If the juvenile court retains jurisdiction, an adjudicatory hearing will be held to determine whether the minor engaged in criminal conduct. After the adjudicatory hearing, those juveniles who are found to be delinquent receive a disposition. A wide range of dispositions are available to juvenile court judges, with the most common being probation.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPast research on delinquency and crime has provided convincing data about correlates but not about causes, because it has been largely cross‐sectional in design. Whereas cross‐sectional research focuses on variations between subjects, longitudinal research can provide information about changes within subjects, which are more important for causes, prevention, and treatment. Many of the most important results in criminology have been obtained in longitudinal or experimental studies, and the major studies of these types are reviewed here. It is now desirable to combine the two methods in a new coordinated program of longitudinal studies including experimental interventions or quasi‐experimental analyses. Such projects could study several overlapping cohorts, extend from birth to adulthood, have frequent data collection, and obtain data from a variety of sources about many different types of antisocial beh

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPredicting delinquency is valuable for understanding the course of crime, factors that influence its course, and the identification of markers that signal deviant processes. In addition, prediction data are relevant for judicial and clinical decision making. This article summarizes research findings on the prediction of delinquency. In the realm of early childhood behaviors, there is consensus that aggression (especially in conjunction with hyperactivity), drug use, truancy, lying, stealing, general problem behaviors, and poor educational achievement all predict later delinquency, albeit to varying degrees, with composite prediction scales yielding the highest degree of accuracy. In addition, studies show a reasonable consensus that the following family factors also predict delinquency: poor supervision, lack of involvement by parents, poor discipline, rejection by a parent, parental criminality and aggressiveness, marital problems, parental absence, and poor parental health. Variables reflecting socialization processes predicted later delinquency as well as children's early behavior. Although studied less frequently, youngsters' association with deviant peers is also predictive of delinquency.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPast reviews of the treatment of juvenile offenders have concluded that “nothing works.” More recently, some reviewers have concluded that treatment concepts are not necessarily ineffective, but, instead, research methodology and treatment integrity have been inadequate. The present review looks at the treatment of adjudicated juvenile offenders from a computer‐data‐based search of the literature published from 1980 to 1987. Research outcome and methodology are summarized and critiqued. The conclusions are that treatment outcomes were positive, but that serious methodological weaknesses still exist in the literature. Improvements still need to be made in sample sizes, use of appropriate and multiple measures of recidivism, random assignment and/or use of appropriate control groups, and long‐term follow‐up

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRisk‐taking attitudes are strong predictors of delinquency and substance abuse among male and female middle‐class adolescents. Risk‐taking measures make strong and independent contributions to predicting self‐reported delinquency and drug and alcohol use, even taking into account bonding to family and school and attitudes toward one's religious faith and employment. A measure of involvement with a delinquent peer group also predicts delinquency and drug and alcohol use. Moreover, those adolescents who are more likely to be involved in delinquent activity, or to be heavier users of substances, are less likely to turn to parents or formal helpers (e.g., counselors, teachers, etc.), and more likely to turn to peers for help. Delinquency and substance abuse prevention programs should take into account adolescent risk taking and should affect peer group norms if they are to be ef

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudy of adolescent violence has been impeded by failure to distinguish among the circumstances in which youth engage in violent behavior. The present study investigated MMPI profiles of 36 adolescent murderers and a control group of 18 adolescents charged with larceny. Homicide cases were subgrouped into those who committed homicide secondary to another crime (e.g., robbery or rape) and those who acted in the context of interpersonal conflict with the victim. While there were no significant differences between homicide and larceny groups, crime and conflict subgroups were significantly different on scales F, Hs, Hy, and Sc.

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeuropsychological studies of delinquents have revealed characteristic deficits in skills that require verbal mediation, conceptual integration, impulse control, anticipation of consequences of actions, and the utilization of feedback from behavior to modify maladaptive response patterns. Formulations of this impairment pattern in terms of frontal lobe and left hemisphere dysfunction are reviewed. The role of verbal mediation in the development of a stable personality and the capacity for self‐control is discussed. It is proposed that the neuropsychodynamic profile of the delinquent is dominated by an inability to form a self‐referential conceptual classification system and that this predisposes to behavioral disinhibition under conditions of stress or interpersonal conflict. The relationship between language development, moral cognition, and social behavior is examined and therapeutic and dispositional implications are discussed. Finally, the general role of neuropsychological models in personality and social theory is addres

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty‐two defendants who allegedly killed without apparent motive were compared to 154 homicide defendants with clear motives on demographic and psychiatric variables. Individuals who killed without motive were more likely to have: (1) no history of alcohol abuse: (2) a recent release from prison: (3) claims of amnesia for the crime; and (4) denial of the crime. They also tended to exhibit psychotic behavior following the crime and to be assessed as not guilty of the crime due to mental illnes

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0735-3936    

DOI:10.1002/bsl.2370060301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY