ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryResistance of 2‐year‐old plantlets of seven European white birch,Betula pendula, clones to birch rust,Melampsoridium betulinum, was studied in field experiments and in a leaf‐disc bioassay. In addition, rust resistance of plantlets growing in a nursery under three fertilization treatments was tested. The birch clones clearly varied in their levels of resistance. One of the clones was consistently the most resistant, and two were very susceptible. Plantlets growing in the lowest fertility treatment were the most resistant. Clone × fertilization interaction was small. The plantlets grown in the lowest fertilization treatment, in particular, deviated from the other treatments. Generally good rust‐resistance correlations were obtained between different experiments. The leaf‐disc bioassay was an effective way of determining the field rust resistance of birch clones. The possibility of trade‐offs between rust resistance and tree growth

ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRust susceptibility in pine is known to be heritable, which means that the disease risk remains in a stand. Also, if the climate becomes warmer and more humid, as expected, the risk of rust disease will increase. The main trait of interest and importance in an obligate parasite, such asEndocronartium piniis the variation in pathogenicity. However, to test the variation in pathogenicity the fungal population in a stand must be described. In this study it was possible to partly describe anE. pinipopulation at stand level with RAPD‐PCR and identify multiple infections in a single infected tree (Pinus sylvestris). Some RAPD phenotypes detected were more common than others. This suggests some mechanism by which some phenotypes spread more effectively. TheE. pinipopulation structures in the twoPinus sylvestrisstands studied were also significantly different, even when the stands shared some equally common RAPD phenotypes. The most common phenotype was not always present in a tree with multiple infections, as would be expected. Thus, some specific resistance interaction may occur. Further research is needed to prove this assumptio

ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe occurrence ofHeterobasidion annosumin stumps and growing trees was investigated on 15 forest sites in southern Finland where the previous tree stand had been Norway spruce (Picea abies) infected byH. annosum, and the present stand was either Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Siberian larch (Larix siberica), silver birch (Betula pendula) or Norway spruce 8–53 years old. Out of 712 spruce stumps investigated of the previous tree stand, 26.3% were infected by the S group and 0.3% by the P group ofH. annosum. The fungus was alive and the fruit bodies were active even in stumps cut 46 years ago. In the subsequent stand, the proportion of trees with root rot increased in spruce stands and decreased in stands of other tree species. On average, one S type genet spreading from an old spruce stump had infected 3.0 trees in the following spruce stand, 0.5 trees in lodgepole pine, 0.3 trees in Siberian larch, 0.05 trees in Scots pine and 0.03 trees in silver birch stand. Although silver birch generally was highly resistant to the S type ofH. annosum, infected trees were found on one site that was planted with birch of a very northern provenanc

ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPathogenicity tests withBursaphelenchus mucronatuson pine and spruce seedlings in GermanyInoculation tests onPinus sylvestrisseedlings with a German, a Siberian and a French isolate ofBursaphelenchus mucronatusand onPicea abiesseedlings using only the German isolate have clearly shown, under German field conditions, that the nematode can cause wilt symptoms on the apex of about 60% of the inoculatedP. sylvestrisplants. The nematodes in all these tests mostly remained near the inoculation site. However, further spread of the nematodes and wilt symptoms occured when a climate chamber, at 25°C, was used or when the French isolate was used outdoors. At 25°C, 10% of the inoculated plants with at least 1000 nematodes per seedling died. Seedlings' apices wilted if more than 50 nematodes per trunk were present, whereas smaller numbers of nematodes could cause partial wilting. Nevertheless, a few pine seedlings did tolerate high nematode‐population densities, up to 966 per plant. No further progress of wilt of plants with symptoms was observed the following year. Inoculations of P.abieswith a German isolate resulted in population development near the site of inoculation. Spruces largely tolerated nematode infestations without any development of wilt sympt

ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe F intersterility group ofHeterobasidion annosum, specialized toAbiesspecies and earlier reported from southern parts of Europe, was identified fromAbies albaandPicea abiesin the Carpathian Mountains in southern Poland, close to northern limit of the natural distribution ofA. alba.However, the fungus is not common in this area and seems to be primarily a saprophyte, growing on stumps and dead trees.

ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Review in this article:Fischer, A.:Forstliche Vegetationskunde.

ISSN:0300-1237    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1996.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY