摘要:

We studied the effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm-PGE2) and sofalcone, a new antiulcer agent developed in Japan, on ethanol damage to isolated surface epithelial cells (SEC) in vitro and gastric mucosa of rats in vivo. Rats were given 5 μg/kg dm-PGE2, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg sofalcone, or the vehicle, intraperitoneally. In the in vitro study, damage of the SEC isolated from rats given dm-PGE2 or sofalcone was significantly less after exposure to 15 % ethanol than for the SEC from the control rats. In the in vivo study, the 15 % ethanol did not induce gross visible damage, but did cause surface epithelial damage in the control rats as judged by scanning electron microscopy. This damage was inhibited by dm-PGE2 or sofalcone. Damage from absolute ethanol was inhibited by both of the agents as judged by the gross appearance, but the surface epithelium was damaged in all rats. We concluded that dm-PGE2 and sofalcone protect gastric mucosa from gross damage caused by absolute ethanol, and protect SEC both in vivo and in vitro from being damaged by ethanol when the concentration of ethanol is 15 %

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199733

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The interaction between malnutrition and exposure to a mucosal damaging agent, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), was examined by monitoring the small-intestinal changes in weanling rats. Malnutrition as induced by the expanded-litter method resulted in severe reduction in body weights in the expanded litters as compared to normal litters. Subsequent treatment of malnourished and well-nourished pups with DFMO for 7 days resulted in decreases in small-intestinal weights and enzyme contents. A 2 factors (well-nourished and malnourished) by 2 factors (DFMO-treated and nontreated) analysis of variance showed no interaction between malnutrition and DFMO treatment in terms of food intake, total mucosal protein, and contents of enterokinase, leucine aminopeptidase and sucrase. Very slight and insignificant interactions (p ≤ 0.2) were found for body weights, intestinal weights and total DNA content. Only one parameter studied, the maltase content, showed significant interaction between malnutrition and DFMO treatment (p < 0.05). Three weeks after the withdrawal of DFMO, essentially all the changes caused by DFMO recovered. But those changes caused by malnutrition did not, such that the malnourished group, whether treated with DFMO or not, still remained significantly less than the control group in their small-intestinal parameters. Analysis of variance showed no interaction between malnutrition and DFMO treatment in the recovery phase. The results suggest that malnutrition is a more important factor in determining the intestinal damage and that malnutrition in the immediate postnatal period does not increase the sensitivity of the small intestine to the damaging effect of DFM

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199734

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The therapeutic effects of sucralfate on ulcerated gastric and duodenal mucosa is well known. There is, however, very little information about its effect on the mucosa of the small intestine. We studied the possible protective effect of sucralfate against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. Sucralfate was found to possess a marked protective effect on the intestinal mucosa (ulcer index 23.16 ± 6.58 vs. 225 ± 36.37; p < 0.001). Sucralfate elevated basal mucosal prostaglandin E2 generation (p < 0.001), and partially overcame the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis caused by indomethacin (p < 0.03), but had no effect on mucosal cAMP level. The effect of sucralfate on prostaglandin E2 content might partially explain its protective effect on the intestinal mucos

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199735

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It is now generally admitted that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) constitutes the main factor responsible for the dietary toxicity of raw kidney beans. In the growing rat, an impairment of growth is the unique expression of a malnutrition syndrome. The aim of this work was to precise to what extent the intestinal injuries may account for this malnutrition. PHA was administered for 9 days to growing rats at levels ranging from 0.0025 to 0.25% of food dry matter. One group of controls was fed ad libitum and other groups were restrained. In such conditions, PHA reduced the food intake when offered at a level higher than 0.04% as a linear function of the logarithm of lectin rate. Intestinal injuries were also dose-dependent: blebbing of microvilli and loss of alkaline phosphatase occurred at the smallest dose of PHA, cell loss occurred at higher doses. A compensatory hyperplasia was observed as a consequence of both intestinal injury and reduced food intake. Our main results are that, whatever may be the damages caused to the duodenal mucosa, the observed growth impairment was quasitotally imputable to the reduction of food intake.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199736

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Breath methane and hydrogen, plasma acetate, serum selenium, vitamin A and β-carotene were measured in 47 patients from whom colonic polyps had been removed by endoscopic polypectomy between 3 months and 2 years previously. Patients were compared with 39 control subjects in whom no abnormality was detected during colonoscopy. The proportion of methane exhalers was significantly (p < 0.0005) higher in patients after polypectomy (66.0%) than in controls (28.2%). Mean plasma acetate was lower (p < 0.025) in post-polypectomy patients (70.5 μM) than in control subjects (97.1 μM) while breath hydrogen was similar in both groups. The serum concentrations of the antioxidants selenium and β-carotene showed no differences between the groups whereas vitamin A was higher (p < 0.01) in serum samples of patients after polypectomy than of controls. These findings indicate that the colonic environment in post-polypectomy patients exhibits certain characteristics which may be related to the formation of benign tumors and possibly colon can

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199737

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There are few studies available comparing the efficacy of loop and distal diuretics and a combination of the two groups, in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease. Thirty-seven nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites were randomly allocated to receive for 2 weeks bumetanide (group A, n = 13), spironolactone (group B, n = 12) or a combination of the two drugs (group C, n = 12) after a 5-day stabilization period. The response to the treatment was 69, 42 and 83% in groups A, B and C, respectively; the difference was not significant. Hypokalemia was seen in 4 patients of group A and mild hyperkalemia in 2 patients of group B. Electrolyte disturbances were minimal in patients of group C. The response to diuretic treatment was prompt in groups A and C. It can be concluded that a combination of loop and distal diuretics is superior to a one-drug regimen in achieving a rapid and better diuretic response with fewer side effects.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199738

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of atropine on prestimulatory and Lundh-meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion and on plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels has been studied in 20 human volunteers. Prestimulatory secretion was lowered by infusion of atropine. From 10 to 30 min after ingestion of the Lundh meal, atropine had no effect on secretion. From 30 to 120 min, the stimulated enzyme secretion was reduced by 90% during infusion of atropine. Plasma CCK levels were not altered by atropine. Similar results were obtained when the test meal was instilled into the duodenum to exclude a delay of gastric emptying caused by atropine. These data show that cholinergic blockade does not interfere with CCK-mediated stimulation of pancreatic secretion during the first 30 min after ingestion of a meal, and that afterwards the intestinal phase is mainly under cholinergic control.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199739

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Over an 18-month period at a single clinic, 43 new cases of colonic inflammation have been diagnosed (19 proctitis only). Crohn’s colitis has been excluded from this analysis. In all these subjects a careful drug history has been taken in a prospective manner and in 4 of these 43 patients colonic inflammation appeared to be directly related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration (mefenamic acid, 2; piroxicam, 2). In all 4 patients there was a time interval (mean 3 months) between initiation of treatment with NSAID and presentation with diarrhoea and weight loss. Pathological findings were minor and biochemical changes insignificant, in contrast to the protracted troublesome symptoms. Resolution of symptoms was very rapid on discontinuation of NSAID medication but 2 patients experienced immediate return of symptoms following inadvertent rechallenge. Approximately 10% of newly diagnosed colitis may be related to NSAID administration. Subjects taking NSAID medications appear to be five times more likely to develop colonic inflammation than the general populatio

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199740

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger