摘要:

Factors regulating the metabolism of plant sterols (sitosterol and campesterol) and their serum levels were studied in sixteen patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Eight patients had undergone an ileal bypass operation, resulting in slight fat and severe bile acid malabsorption and in lowered serum cholesterol concentration, but normal fractional cholesterol absorption. Serum plant sterol concentrations (mg/dl) were similar in the two groups, but expressed per milligram of cholesterol were higher in the operated patients. Fecal excretion (equal with intake) and biliary secretion (reflecting absorption) of the plant sterols were similar in the two groups and were significantly correlated with the serum plant sterol content, which also correlated positively with the fractional cholesterol absorption in the control but not in the operated group. The estimated fractional absorption of the plant sterols was similar in the two groups, but that of sitosterol (3.5 %) was lower than that of campesterol (9.1%). Our study shows that serum plant sterols are associated with fractional cholesterol absorption even in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. However, after ileal exclusion dietary intake of the plant sterols is the main regulator of their serum levels.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199582

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was performed to investigate adaptive changes of the exocrine pancreas occurring after distal gastric resection by different procedures: Billroth I (BI) and Billroth II (BII). Sixty-four male Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups: controls (n = 16), sham-operated (n = 16), BI (n = 16) and BII (n = 16) subtotal gastric resection. Both procedures of subtotal gastric resection showed an organotrophic effect on the pancreas after 2 weeks: pancreatic weight in BI- and BII-operated rats increased by 23 and 35% and DNA content by 36 and 27%, respectively, compared to controls (p < 0.001). After 4 weeks a further increase in pancreatic weight (46%), DNA content (52%) and protein content (58%) was found in BII rats. Trypsin and amylase content were increased in BI rats after 2 weeks (p < 0.01). No parallel changes were observed in the enzyme content of BII rats as trypsin increased by over 200%, amylase by over 100% and lipase remained unaffected. Hormonal studies were carried out in 36 rats divided into groups as above. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of gastrin were reduced (p < 0.01) following both types of subtotal gastric resection (p < 0.01). Basal cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma levels did not differ between operated and control rats. Following the test meal CCK plasma levels were significantly increased after BII gastric resection (p < 0.001) and BI gastric resection (p < 0.01) compared to controls.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199583

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two groups of duodenal ulcer (DU) patients, responders and nonresponders, have been compared in order to verify if psychological factors are linked to relapse. Responders are defined as those patients who on endoscopy did not present proven relapse during treatment with maintenance doses of antisecretory drugs (cimetidine 400 mg/day, ranitidine 150 mg/day, pirenzepine 50 mg/day) for a period of 12 months after healing of the lesion. Nonresponders were all patients presenting with at least one relapse during treatment with antisecretory drugs. One hundred and twelve DU patients (81 responders, 31 nonresponders) were examined with the Cattell 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PF) form C. There were no significant differences between the two groups for age, sex, duration of illness and type of drug treatment. The 16 PF scores of responders and nonresponders were not statistically different except in the case of factor E (dominance), in which the nonresponder subjects scored higher than responder subjects (p < 0.01). However, when the significance level was corrected for the number of variables involved, the above finding is not considered to be meaningful.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199584

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The possible protective effects of pentagastrin on indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration were investigated in rats. Ulcers were induced by subcutaneous injection of 30 mg/kg indomethacin, 30 min after refeeding rats fasted for 24 h. Administration of pentagastrin at a dose of 250 or 400 μg/kg i.p., 3 h prior to refeeding, reduced total ulcer area from 27.6 ± 6.5 to 7.2 ± 1.97 mm2 (mean ± SEM; p < 0.02) in the proximal small intestine only. Cyclic adenosine monophasphate, but not prostaglandin E2 levels were significantly raised by 250 μg/kg pentagastrin (0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.38 ± 0.07 pmol/mg protein; mean ± SEM; p < 0.02) in the same intestinal

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199585

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We wished to test the hypothesis that variations in the luminal content of bile acid produced by feeding chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) or cholestyramine (C) alter intestinal transport properties and morphology. Rats were fed standard chow pellets containing 0.5% CDC, 0.5% UDC or 2 % C for a period of 2 weeks, and the in vitro uptake of glucose, cholesterol, bile acids and a homologous series of fatty acids was assessed. The food consumption was similar in animals fed chow, CDC, UDC and C, yet rats fed CDC or UDC gained less weight, and the weight of the jejunal and ileal mucosa was lower in animals fed CDC or C than in those fed chow or UDC. Ileal but not jejunal uptake of glucose was reduced in animals fed UDC, CDC or C. The active ileal uptake of bile acids was enhanced by UDC, CDC or C, whereas the jejunal passive permeability to bile acids was reduced by feeding C. Feeding C inhibited the jejunal and ileal uptake of cholesterol; C, UDC and CDC had a variable effect on the intestinal uptake of the fatty acids 10:0–18:0. The jejunal mucosal surface area was lower in groups fed CDC or UDC as compared with rats fed chow or C, and the ileal mucosal surface area was lower in rats fed CDC. However, the altered intestinal transport could not be explained by the altered morphology. Thus, (1) chronic variations in the intestinal luminal content of bile acids produced by the feeding of CDC, UDC or C resulted in alterations in the active and passive transport properties of the intestine, and (2) these changes differed between the jejunum and the ileum and were not explained simply by alterations in the animals’ food intake or mucosal morphology. These studies suggest that chronic variations in the bile acids in the intestinal lumen may be one of the factors independently influencing the transport properties and mucosal surface area of the intestine. The long-term effect of changes in luminal bile acid content on intestinal function in man remains to be establis

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199586

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The correlation between the presence of liver membrane antibodies (LMA) and delta superinfection in chronic hepatitis B was studied in 136 chronic hepatitis patients, 20 hepatitis B surface antigen asymptomatic carriers and 50 healthy controls, by testing for the presence of LMA, hepatitis B virus markers and anti-delta (anti-HD). Neither anti-HD nor LMA were detected in controls or in asymptomatic carriers. LMA positivity was statistically higher (p < 0.001) in anti-HD-positive patients than in those with no anti-HD. Gamma globulin and glutamic pyruvic transaminase values were increased both in anti-HD- and LMA-positive patients with respect to those who were negative. In conclusion, a close association between the positivity to anti-HD and the presence of circulating LMA was found.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199587

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A sulfotransferase activity which catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate to gastric mucus glycoprotein has been demonstrated in the rat gastric mucosa. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that the enzyme activity was present in a Golgi-rich membrane fraction. Optimum enzymatic activity for sulfation of mucus glycoprotein was obtained with 0.5% Triton X-100 and 30 mM NaF at a pH of 6.8. The apparent Km of the enzyme for gastric mucus glycoprotein was 10.5 μM, and the sulfate ester was found incorporated into the carbohydrate chains of mucin. The sulfotransferase activity of the Golgi enzyme was stimulated by sofalcone, while reduction in the rate of sulfation occurred in the presence of sucralfate and aspirin. The rate of enhancement of mucin sulfation by sofalcone was proportional to the drug concentration up to 5 × 10-7M, at which concentration a 17% increase in the glycoprotein sulfation was attained. The rate of inhibition of mucin sulfation was proportional to concentrations of aspirin up to 3 × 10-4M and of sucralfate up to 1 × 10-4M, at which concentrations about 50% reduction in sulfotransferase activity was obtained. The apparent K1 values calculated from the double-reciprocal plots were 15.1 μM for aspirin and 19.6 μM for sucralfate. The results suggest that although both sucralfate and sofalcone are potent gastric mucosal strengthening agents, only sofalcone is capable of enhancement of the sulfotransferase enzyme involved in gastric mucin

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199588

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Demographic data obtained from epidemiological studies of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative proctocolitis in Regio Leiden (Leiden health care region) were compared. Ulcerative colitis (6.8 cases/105 population/year) had an incidence almost twice that of Crohn’s disease (3.9/10Vyear; p < 0.001). Each disease occurred with equal frequency in both sexes and diagnosis of the diseases occurred at similar ages (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.84; p < 0.01). Where ulcerative colitis was common in the various municipalities so was Crohn’s disease (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.88; p < 0.001). No cases of Crohn’s disease were identified amongst migrants, but 6 cases of ulcerative colitis (prevalence = 85/105; 95% confidence interval = 35–195) were found. This difference was significance (p < 0.05). It seems likely that the two diseases may simply represent the opposite ends of a continuous spectrum of inflammatory

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199589

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 25-year-old housewife presented with an 8-month history of epigastric pain, vomiting and weight loss. This was found to be due to sarcoidosis of the stomach. Her condition improved remarkably on steroids.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger