摘要:

By immunohistochemistry and double staining technique, almost complete coexistence of galanin-like immunoreactivity (GAL-LI) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) was demonstrated in submucosal ganglionic cells and mucosal nerve fibers of the porcine ileum. The release of the two neuropeptides was studied in isolated, vascularly perfused pig ileum. Distension (increasing intraluminal pressure by 10 mm Hg) and intraluminal instillation of homologous gallbladder bile, amino acids, 0.1 M HC1, hypertonic NaCl (3,400 mosm × kg-1) and hypertonic glucose (1,100 mosm × kg-1) all increased the release of GAL-LI and VIP-LI into the venous effluent in parallel. Being the most potent stimulus, bile increased the output of GAL-LI from 0.74 ± 0.12 to 2.44 ± 0.81 pmol/min (mean ± SE, p = 0.018) and the output of VIP-LI from 3.29 ± 0.19 to 12.68 ± 4.01 pmol/min (p < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the coexistence and parallel release of GAL and VIP suggest that GAL/VIP neurons may be involved in intramural secretory and motor re

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200741

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studying the gastrointestinal motor effects of iron compounds may help to elucidate the mechanism originating the gastrointestinal side effects frequently reported during martial therapy. The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the gastrointestinal motor effects of ferrous sulfate (reference compound) and (2) to compare its effects with those of two iron succinyl-protein complexes (ITF 1096 and ITF 282, an iron-albumin and iron-casein complex, respectively). In 6 fasting, conscious dogs, fitted with 8 bipolar electrodes and 3 strain-gauge force transducers along the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal motor activity was recorded. Ferrous sulfate and iron succinyl-protein complexes were administered by an orogastric tube at two dose levels: the lower and higher dose levels were approximately equivalent to 10 and 30 mg/kg as Fe, respectively. In control experiments, 154 mM NaCl, ITF 211 (succinylated albumin) and ITF 297 (succinylated casein) were used. Administration of 154 mM NaCl did not affect gastrointestinal motility nor did it disrupt migrating motor complex (MMC) cycling. ITF 1096 and ITF 282, only at the higher dose, lengthened the MMC period and increased intestinal, but not gastric spike activity. The effects of ITF 211 and ITF 297 were similar to those of ITF 1096 and ITF 282. Ferrous sulfate, at the lower dose, lengthened the MMC period; the higher dose disrupted MMC cycling and induced intense, irregular spike bursts in the stomach and in the small bowel, accompanied, in 3 out of 6 dogs, by a prolonged tonic contraction of the upper small bowel. Four out of 6 dogs vomited after the higher dose of ferrous sulfate. No vomiting was observed with any of the other treatments. We conclude that ITF 1096 and ITF 282 have a markedly better gastrointestinal tolerability than ferrous sulfate.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200742

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A pilot study to estimate the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Fiji is reported. Data from 1985 and 1986 for Indian migrants, Melanesians and other groups show the incidence of ulcerative colitis was 1.7/105/year, in Indians, 0.15/105/year in Melanesians and 1.4/105/year in others. The minimum incidence of Crohn’s disease is 0.14/105/year. Indians are at significantly greater risk than Melanesians of developing ulcerative coliti

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200743

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), also called DNA polymerase δ-associated protein, is found in the cells of the proliferative compartment of normal tissues and is essential for DNA replication. It can be recognized by many monoclonal antibodies to various epitopes on the molecule. In this investigation one of these, PC 10, has been used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, human and rodent gastro-intestinal epithelial tissues to assess numerically the labelling index of PC 10 and to compare it, in the rat liver and gastrointestinal tract, with the S-phase fraction as determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labelling. The distribution of PC 10-labelled cells was recorded with respect to cell position in the intestinal crypts of man. In tissues where both modes of assessment were used, PC 10 staining in the well-established proliferative compartments was found to be more extensive than that of BrdUrd. The higher labelling index with PC 10 can be explained by its identification of PCNA outside the S phase of the cell cycle and also by the long half-life of PCNA protein in post-proliferative intestinal epithelial cells as they migrate towards the villus. Nevertheless the data suggest PC 10 immunostaining in gastro-intestinal epithelia is an operational marker of cell proliferation which is reproducible, quantifiable and can be performed on routinely processed tissues

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200744

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection, standardized questionnaires on drinking habits were used to interview 451 patients, whose H. pylori status was determined both by culture and serology. Reported alcohol consumption did not increase the risk of H. pylori infection (a 1.0 odds ratio, CI95 0.6–1.6). However, when the patients were divided into two age-groups, those under 35 years who reported to use alcohol seemed to have a slightly higher risk of H. pylori infection (a 3.3 odds ratio CI95 0.9–12.2) compared to those over 35 years (a 1.0 odds ratio, CI95 0.5–2.2). This phenomenon did not reach statistical significance. The type of alcohol consumed did not affect the age-adjusted risk of H. pylori infection. If pathologically defined chronic gastritis was found, the risk for H. pylori was high (a 26.7 odds ratio, CI95 12.1–59.0, for those under 35 years, and a 12.8 odds ratio, CI95 6.7–24.3, for those over 35 year

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200745

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To clarify the role of duodenal mucosal blood flow in the genesis of duodenal mucosal lesions, a single dose of serotonin, 20 mg/kg, was administered subcutaneously to rats. Serotonin significantly decreased both the duodenal mucosal blood flow and the output of gastric acid and pepsin. However, mild duodenal erosions were observed in only 2 of the 9 rats receiving that agent. The repeated intragastric administration of 1 ml of 0.1 N HCl hourly for 6 h failed to induce duodenal mucosal lesions. On the other hand, the administration of both serotonin and repeated doses of HCl produced marked duodenal mucosal lesions in all rats. It is concluded, therefore, that one of the factors responsible for the genesis of duodenal mucosal lesions is a decrease of duodenal mucosal blood flow combined with an acid load against the duodenal mucosa.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200746

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Interleukin-6, a cytokine produced by various cell types, has a major role in inflammatory and immunological reactions. To define its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease, its concentrations in endoscopic biopsy samples from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease were measured. The involved colonic mucosa from active disease was found to contain significantly larger amounts of interleukin-6 than that from inactive disease or normal controls. Colonic mucosal interleukin-6 levels correlated well with the grade of macroscopic inflammation, especially in patients with ulcerative colitis. The levels of interleukin-6 decreased in parallel with clinical improvement following the start of therapy in patients with both forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal interleukin-6 is thus concluded to accurately reflect the degree of colonic inflammation and may be importantly associated with inflammatory and immunological phenomena seen in inflammatory bowel diseas

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The prostaglandin E1 analogue rioprostil protects the pancreas from the noxious effect of ciclosporin A (CsA). To determine whether this cytoprotective action of rioprostil is dependent on or independent of inhibitory effects on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion we studied the effect of different doses of rioprostil on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretions in the presence or absence of CsA. Rats received either CsA at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight by tube feeding once in the morning, rioprostil at linearly increasing doses from 1.8 to 120 µg/kg body weight subcutaneously twice daily, a combination of both substances or NaCl. After 8 treatment days, the animals were operated on, and the pancreas isolated and arterially perfused. Insulin secretion was determined after stimulation with glucose, and amylase secretion after stimulation with CCK-8. Insulin and amylase secretion were significantly impaired by CsA. Rioprostil at doses of 1.8, 3.6 and 7.5 µg/kg body weight had no significant effect on insulin secretion in the absence of CsA but significantly improved insulin secretion in the presence of CsA. Higher doses of rioprostil significantly inhibited insulin secretion both in the presence or absence of CsA. Amylase secretion was not influenced by rioprostil at doses up to 15 µg/kg body weight but improved significantly amylase secretion in the presence of CsA. CsA blood and pancreatic tissue levels were not influenced by rioprostil at doses up to 120 µg/kg body weight. We conclude that the cytoprotective effect of the prostaglandin E1 analogue rioprostil against the noxious effect of CsA is dose dependent and is not related to its inhibitory action on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secret

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200748

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200749

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger