摘要:

In dogs with gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch (HP), 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (PG-S) infused intravenously in graded doses (0.5–2.0 μg/kg/h) inhibited dose-dependently, meal-induced acid secretion both from the vagally innervated main stomach and from the HP. This inhibition was associated with a marked reduction in mucosal blood flow but without significant change in the ratio of aminopyrine concentration in the gastric juice and blood plasma, indicating that the reduction in gastric microcirculation was probably secondary to the inhibition of gastric secretion. In dogs with special cannulae that allowed complete separation of the stomach and the intestine, PG-S caused stronger inhibition of gastric acid and serum gastrin responses to gastric and intestinal meals after application directly to the gastric mucosa, than following duodenal administration. PG-S applied topically to the HP mucosa also suppressed direct chemical stimulation of the HP by L-histidine meal. We conclude that PG-S exerts its inhibitory action on gastric secretion both by local contact with the mucosa via suppression on gastrin release from the antral G-cells and by direct inhibition of the secretory activity of the oxyntic glan

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198121

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The permeability effects of topical and intravenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16DM) were studied in canine Heidenhain pouches using an acid-free perfusate, and changes in volume and HCO-3 content of the perfusate were measured. Topical and intravenous 16DM increased the apparent flux of Na+ and Cl-, and stimulated the secretion of fluid containing HCO-3. 16DM stimulates non-parietal cell secretion and therefore the movement of Na+ cannot be interpreted as passive flux in response to changes in permeability.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198122

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In conscious dogs prepared with gastric cannulae and antral and duodenal electrodes, intravenous administration of synthetic porcine motilin and CCK-OP in varying doses resulted in significant increases in the mean percent frequency of spike potentials on slow waves. Motilin was a more potent stimulant than CCK-OP. Motilin-stimulated spike potentials in both antrum and duodenum were significantly suppressed by either natural porcine secretin or synthetic porcine GIP. Secretin suppressed the spike potentials of the antrum stimulated by CCK-OP but not those of the duodenum. The spike potentials stimulated by CCK-OP could not be suppressed by GIP in the dosages employed.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198123

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The distribution of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase, maltase and amylase was studied throughout the small intestine of the adult rat. Lysozyme activity increases along the length of the small intestine and the behaviour of this enzyme slightly differs from the mucosal enzymes reported in this investigation. A positive correlation is found between the percentage of crypts with granulated Paneth cells and the lysozyme activity. This corroborates with the secretory origin of this enzyme from these intestinal cells.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198124

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

58 patients with acute hepatitis type B, including 13 with fulminant hepatitis, were tested on presentation for HBeAg. Positive results were obtained in 24%. The frequency was highest in those with fulminant hepatitis (46% positive), and this was probably related to the earlier presentation of patients with this condition. Patients with acute hepatitis who were HBeAg-positive had had a significantly shorter duration of symptoms than those who were HBeAg-negative at presentation. HBeAg was still detectable more than 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms in only 2 patients, both of whom progressed to chronic active hepatitis. The early detection of HBeAg in patients with acute hepatitis is of no prognostic significance, but its persistence may provide the earliest evidence of potential chronicity.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198125

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pancreatic response to urecholine was studied in rats weaned prematurely on the morning of their 13th, 15th, 17th and 19th day and killed 2½ days later. In pups kept with their mother and weaned at 21 days, amylase chymotrypsin and lipase concentrations increased gradually. Weaning after 12, 14 and 16 complete days is associated with significant increases in pancreatic amylase and chymotrypsin concentrations; if it occurs after 16 and 18 days, a significant delay in lipase development is observed. Premature weaning is associated with modifications in the basal release of the three enzymes and their secretion in response to urecholine. Amylase and chymotrypsin secretions are increased if weaning occurred before day 18. Lipase secretion, however, is decreased in rats weaned after 16 days. If, however, secretion is expressed in percentages, as the amount of enzyme released over the total tissue content, premature weaning does not seem to modify the capacity of the tissue to secrete enzymes under basal and urecholine stimulation. It thus seems that solid food intake as early as 12 days is not an important factor in the maturation of the pancreatic response to urecholine

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198126

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Following a single, oral dose of Bacillus cereus (2 × 108 bacteria) in vitro intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D -galactose, L-arginine, L-histidine, L-ornithine and L-proline in young mice (aged 2—31/2 months) decreased. Malabsorption of D-glucose was dose- and time-dependent. Impaired absorption of D-glucose occurred throughout the length of the small intestine, particularly distally. Following hydrolysis of D-maltose at the brush border, D-glucose absorption in infected mice and that of the untreated controls was similar. Using D-glucose, fluid transfer in the infected intestine and that of the controls was alike. Although slightly lower, fluid transfer in the infected intestine using the other solutes was not significantly different compared with the controls. Glucose-dependent and glucose-independent intestinal fluid transfer in infected animals was like that of the controls. Using old infected mice (aged 8–9 months) intestinal absorption of D-glucose and L-histidine was unchanged compared with young mice. The fresh small intestinal weight in infected mice and the controls was alike. Changes in the histology of the small intestine in young infected mice were small and inconsis

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198127

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this work is to review the arguments which support the role of mixed micelle formation in the biliary secretion of lipids. These arguments are derived from in vitro physicochemical studies and from results obtained in vivo during biliary drainage in animals and in man. They show that, for the essential, mixed micelle formation between lecithins, cholesterol and bile salts can explain the biliary lipid secretion. The amount of lipids transported into the bile depends on the intrahepatic metabolism of cholesterol and lecithins. Different bile salts have opposite effects on the saturation of bile with cholesterol. During chronic administration of bile salts, the differences may be explained by specific actions on cholesterol metabolism and particularly on cholesterol absorption. On the contrary, during acute injection of bile salts, in most animal species, those bile salts which have the greatest ability of dissolving cholesterol in vitro (dihydroxy being more efficient than trihydroxy) are those which determine the greatest biliary secretion of cholesterol.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198128

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In view of the destruction of pancreatic extract, used in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency, by gastric juice, we measured the gastric secretory response to pentagastrin in patients with pancreatic disease. The patients with chronic pancreatitis and steatorrhoea secreted as much acid as patients with duodenal ulcer, emphasising the need for therapeutic gastric secretory inhibition to supplement treatment of pancreatic insufficiency with pancreatic extract.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198129

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was found to be equally susceptible to direct inhibition by ethanol, whether the enzyme originated from homogenates of rabbit gastric, duodenal, or ileal mucosa. When gastric mucosa was separated into a soluble (cytoplasmic) and a membrane fraction, the membrane CA was more susceptible to ethanol inhibition, but less susceptible to acetazolamide inhibition, than the soluble enzyme. Male rat liver CA is relatively insensitive to acetazolamide inhibition, while female rat liver CA shows a sensitivity similar to that of other tissues. We found ethanol inhibited male and female rat liver CA equally, indicating a different site, or mode, of inhibition for ethanol and acetazolamide.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198130

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger