ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000193193

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1916

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A leukemic mouse model was employed to elucidate the separate effect of leukemia and cytotoxic drugs on the jejunal mucosa and its associated digestive enzymes. The mitotic activity, depth of the crypt and villus-crypt quotient were not significantly changed in leukemic mice in comparison to normal mice. The mitotic activity and the depth of the crypt 48 h after 20 mg methotrexate (MTX)&slash;kg were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in leukemic mice. Sucrase (p < 0.001) and maltase (p < 0.025) activities in the jejunum from leukemic mice were significantly elevated in comparison with non-leukemic controls. In both non-leukemic and leukemic mice, the dose-response curves for MTX administration revealed a significant decrease and a nadir in sucrase (p < 0.001) and maltase (p < 0.0025) activities at the dosage of 20 mg/kg. Thus, in the mouse model, leukemia per se does not contribute to significant diminution in small intestinal function. In the small intestine, MTX appears to be responsible for a decrease in the mitotic activity of crypt cells, depth of the crypt and diminished sucrase and maltase activities.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198589

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A cholesterol-cholic acid lithogenic diet was administered to mice for periods from 2 days to 12 weeks. Intraperitoneal injections of tritiated thymidine and autoradiographs were used for the estimation of the proliferative parameters in the gallbladder epithelium. The total DNA content of the gallbladder was determined. Significantly higher labeling (p < 0.01) and mitotic (p < 0.01) indices were observed from the 2nd day and the total DNA content of the gallbladder was increased (p < 0.01) from the 2nd week of the diet. Increased proliferative activity was followed by hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium. A significant dilatation of the gallbladders was also noted from the 2nd day of the diet (p < 0.01). Gallstones appeared after at least 4 weeks. Our results indicate that gallstone formation is preceded by a higher proliferative activity in the gallbladder mucosa. Distension of the gallbladder could be one of the factors explaining this phenomenon in mice, but the influence of intraluminal modifications in the bile salt composition cannot be excluded.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Effects of intravenous somatostatin on the secretion, motility and absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract after 75 g oral glucose were examined in healthy subjects with a quantitative multiple indicator dilution method. This report deals with the effects on the gallbladder emptying and the pancreatic enzyme output. Intake of a hypertonic glucose solution induces rapid gallbladder emptying. After early peaks, both biliary and pancreatic enzyme outputs remain at a steady lower level to the end. Somatostatin, started 20 min before the oral load, inhibited dose-dependently the gallbladder emptying and pancreatic enzyme secretion. A maximal inhibition was attained by 1.5 μg • min-1, and 0.05 μg · min-1 somatostatin gave a significant 40% reduction. The inhibition persisted in the postinfusion period and was followed by delayed rebound outputs. The gallbladder emptying was completely arrested for variable periods of time, but the pancreatic enzyme secretion was never totally blocked. The promptly established arrest of the gallbladder differed from the slowly initiated inhibition of the gastric and intestinal propulsion. It is proposed that the multiple ways of action of somatostatin and different stimulatory levels contribute to the discrepancies. The study shows that somatostatin induces dose-dependent, long-lasting inhibitions of the biliary and pancreatic responses to oral glucose. The minimal effective dose was a hundred times lower than the dose tested in previous studies in

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198591

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000193194

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1916

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by intraductal injection of a bile-trypsin blood mixture in 22 dogs, with a 100% mortality in 4 dogs given supportive therapy alone. Control animals survived without ill effect. The remaining 18 dogs were given supplementary intravenous aprotinin (400,000 KI units) at varying times after onset of acute pancreatitis. 10 given this treatment starting 1–6 h after induction of pancreatitis survived without appreciable morbidity. A 9- and 12-hour delay in starting aprotinin therapy was associated with a 25 and 75% mortality rate, respectively. Monitoring of serum (and urinary) amylase, serum calcium and albumin is documente

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198592

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of compound 48/80 on the mucosal barrier of the canine Heidenhain pouch and mast cell content of gastric mucosa has been studied. 48/80 was administered in increasing doses (0.5–2.0 mg/kg) over 5 days. 0.5 mg/kg produced signs of systemic histamine release and stimulation of acid secretion by the pouch; these effects being most marked on the 1st day and absent on the 5th. Subsequent exposure of the mucosa to sodium taurocholate produced damage to the barrier similar to that in untreated animals. Histological examination revealed no evidence of mucosal mast cell degranulation by 48/80. The results suggest that the effects of 48/80 on gastric mucosa are mediated by systemic release of histamine and that local mast cells are resistant to its actio

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198593

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The gastric secretagogues, pentagastrin and carbachol, produced a 100% incidence of duodenal ulcers. Truncal vagotomy (TV) and parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) prevented these experimental ulcers in the early post-operative period. At 3 weeks TV rats showed a decrease in weight gain, gross gastric distension and the infusion of gastric secretagogues now caused hypersecretory-induced gastric ulcers. TV and gastroenterostomy rats developed stomal ulceration and PCV failed to prevent formation of duodenal ulcers at 3 weeks. These results indicate that vagotomy, irrespective if truncal or highly selective, only has a temporary effect. This may be due to ischaemia or an altered sensitivity of the parietal cell mass with a post-operative recovery.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198594

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000193195

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1916

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000193196

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1916

数据来源: Karger