摘要:

Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) was reported to possess the growth-promoting action on the gastroduodenal mucosa that can be augmented by removal of endogenous somatostatin. Since mucosal proliferation was considered to contribute to healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcerations, we designed the study to determine the interaction of GRF and somatostatin on the healing rate of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers and on the growth of gastroduodenal mucosa in rats. GRF injected subcutaneously twice daily at 100 μg/kg/day for 7 days resulted in a significant enhancement of healing rate of both gastric and duodenal ulcerations and this was accompanied by a significant increase in the weight of the mucosa and the contents of RNA and DNA. GRF also significantly increased serum gastrin levels and the tissue contents of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in salivary glands, duodenum and pancreas, suggesting that both gastrin and EGF could contribute to mucosal trophic and ulcer healing effects of GRF. Somatostatin (100μg/kg/day for 7 days) abolished almost completely the ulcer healing and mucosal growth-promoting effects of GRF and this was accompanied by the reduction in serum gastrin level and the tissue contents of EGF suggesting that the suppression of gastrin and EGF release could contribute to the observed effects of somatostatin. We conclude that GRF has both the ulcer healing and the mucosal trophic actions which can be antagonized by somatostatin and that gastrin and EGF may be implicated in these action

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199763

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study deals with the effect of H2-receptor antagonists on pancreatic response to chronic administration of caerulein. Caerulein was administered alone or combined with cimetidine, ranitidine or famotidine twice a day in various regimes. At the end of treatment, pure pancreatic juice was collected after hormonal stimulation. Then, the rats were killed, and growth and composition of the pancreatic tissue were determined. Caerulein increased pancreatic weight and enzyme content as well as volume and enzyme activity of pancreatic juice. When given alone the three H2-receptor antagonists were totally ineffective. Both ranitidine and famotidine, but not cimetidine, significantly reduced pancreatic response to chronic administration of caerulein only when given intraperitoneally together with caerulein. On the contrary, separate applications of caerulein and ranitidine (or famotidine) did not influence caerulein-stimulated pancreatic growth or enzyme secretion. Moreover, in rats treated both intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with caerulein, the H2-antagonists reduced the pancreatic response only partially and in proportion to the intraperitoneal dose of caerulein. The responsiveness of pancreatic tissue to subcutaneous caerulein was not modified. The results suggest that H2-receptor antagonists induce (1) impaired uptake of caerulein when given together with peptide, but (2) have no specific inhibitory effect on pancreatic response to caerulein.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The activity of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) in endoscopic biopsy specimens of intestinal mucosa was compared in patients with Crohn’s disease and controls without inflammatory bowel disease. In postresection Crohn patients there was significantly enhanced phospholipase A2 activity proximal to the anastomosis in the neoterminal ileum, whether or not the mucosa was inflamed at the time of biopsy. Highly elevated ileal phospholipase A2 activity had a predictive value for symptomatic relapse within 1 year after resection. Patients with concomitant Crohn’s colitis, in whom the risk of ileal recurrence is particularly high, had greater ileal phospholipase A2 activity than noncolitis Crohn patients. Association thus was demonstrated between activity of phospholipase A2 in ileal mucosa and proneness to ileal inflammation in Crohn’s di

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199765

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The authors report 20 patients in whom a large number of dead or severely damaged yeast cells, supposedly Candida albicans yeasts, were the possible cause of chronic recurrent diarrhea and abdominal cramps. It is suggested that the presence of large numbers of these microorganisms in stools may be considered among the possible etiologies of diarrhea in the ‘irritable bowel syndrome’. The possible source of these yeast-like cells, the causes of cell damage, and the mechanisms by which these organisms may induce diarrhea should be investiga

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199766

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new experimental model of chronic pancreatitis was produced by a combination of chronic ischemia and incomplete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. Ischemia was induced by ligation and separation of branches flowing into the left pancreatic lobe from the splenic artery. Incomplete ductal obstruction was achieved by ligation and separation of the minor pancreatic duct and placement of a polyethylene tube in the major pancreatic duct. Macroscopic examination at 6 months after model preparation showed that the pancreas was hard, with severe inflammatory change. In the secretin test, the flow rate of pancreatic juice, amylase output and bicarbonate concentration were significantly reduced as compared with the controls. Pancreatography revealed dilatation and meandering of the major pancreatic duct and poor visualization of its secondary and tertiary bifurcations. The histopathological findings consisted of a decrease in the pancreatic parenchyma, replacement of fat, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, extensive fibrosis and tubular complexes. This model most closely resembles human chronic pancreatitis, and is a very useful instrument.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199767

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The interdigestive gastroduodenal motor activity was studied in 7 patients with active duodenal ulcer and increased gastric acid secretion, in 7 patients with hypersecretory gastroduodenitis and in 7 subjects with normal acid secretion, in whom the increase in acid secretion was obtained by means of the intravenous administration of an H2 agonist, Impromidine. The gastroduodenal motor activity was recorded manometrically for about 200–300 min in basal conditions to obtain at least two subsequent activity fronts of the migrating motor complex (MMC cycle). Only in subjects with normal acid secretion was Impromidine administered at a dose of 2 μg/kg/h for 150 min followed by a dose of 10 μg/kg/h for another period of 150 min, to obtain, respectively, a submaximal and a maximal secretory response. Patients with spontaneous acid hypersecretion, with or without peptic ulcer, showed a longer than normal MMC cycle with a shorter than normal percent of time occupied by phase III. This motor activity was similar to that recorded in normal subjects during the increase in acid secretion induced by the lowest dose of Impromidine, whereas during the highest dose the gastroduodenal MMC was disrupted and replaced by an irregular motor activ

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199768

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patients with Crohn’s disease show an increased consumption of refined sugar compared to controls. It was speculated that the frequent occurrence of Crohn’s disease in developed countries might be related to a high intake of refined sugar. In contrast, others suggested margarine consumption to play a role in the etiology of Crohn’s disease, the hypothesis being based on the seemingly simultaneous onset of margarine consumption and the first reports of granulomatous ileitis and the similarities in their geographic distribution. Both hypotheses, however, have not been subjected to a rigorous epidemiologic analysis. In the present study, the per capita consumption of refined sugar and margarine were correlated with the incidence and mortality of Crohn’s disease from different countries. The time trends of mortality from Crohn’s disease were compared to those of sugar and margarine intake. Two weak correlations were found between the geographic distribution of sugar and margarine consumption and mortality from Crohn’s disease, the correlations resulting from the difference between two types of countries. Compared to Canada, the United States and most countries from Northern Europe on one side, Japan and most Mediterranean countries on the other side were characterized by low consumption of the two nutrients as well as low mortality from Crohn’s disease. No consistent pattern was found, however, within each group of countries. No significant correlation was found between sugar or margarine consumption and the incidence of Crohn’s disease. The time trends of Crohn’s disease in different countries were not matched by similar time trends of either sugar or margarine consumption. The different epidemiologic behavior of the two nutrients and Crohn’s disease indicates that variations in their dietary intake were not responsible for the geographic and temporal patterns of Crohn’s disease. Other factors must be sought to explain the characteristic epidemiolo

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199769

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diversion of pancreatic-biliary (PB) secretions in rats for 23 days led to loss of enterokinase (EK) activity in bypassed segments of the small intestine. Simultaneous oral trypsinogen and bile salt (TB) supplements prevented the loss of EK activity. To study the temporal course of events after PB diversion and to determine if the loss of EK is reversible, PB diversion was performed in rats by surgical transposition of the 4-cm segment of duodenum including the ampulla of Vater to a point 30 cm distal to its original site. Bypassed and control (sham- and nonoperated) rats fed standard rat chow were sacrificed at 10, 23, and 45 days after surgery. One bypassed group was fed standard chow for 23 days and then chow supplemented with TB until sacrifice at 45 days. At sacrifice, the intestines were divided into segment 1 (the bypassed proximal 30 cm) and segment 2 (the 30 cm distal to the bypass). In segment 1, EK disappeared almost completely by 10 days and remained at the same low levels at both 23 and 45 days (p < 0.05). No significant changes in EK levels were found at any time in segment 2 distal to the bypass. Mucosal disaccharidase activity in segment 1 increased or showed no change. In rats with delayed TB supplementation, EK activity in segment 1 returned almost to control levels at the time of sacrifice. The results confirm the importance of PB secretions in the maintenance of EK activity. The effects of bypass on EK are both enzyme- and site-specific. The loss of mucosal EK activity is rapid and is not transitory. Of further importance, the effect of diversion, though well-established by day 23, is reversible by the readdition of TB supplements.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199770

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The diagnostic accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been evaluated in a prospective, randomized, blind study. A total of 181 patients (89 with Crohn’s disease, 57 ulcerative colitis and 35 controls) were examined. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in Crohn’s disease, corrected for prevalence, were 80.8 and 79.2%, respectively, and a very similar accuracy was found in the differential diagnosis of IBD. In conclusion, ultrasonography can play a role in detecting Crohn’s disease and in the differential diagnosis of chroni

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199773

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger