摘要:

The effects of TY-10957, a stable PGI2 derivative, on gastroduodenal lesions and secretory responses were examined in rats and compared with those of ornoprostil, a PGE1 derivative. Orally administered TY-10957 dose dependently prevented gastric lesions induced by ethanol/HCl (60% ethanol in 150 mM 1 μg/kg), but had no effect on mepirizole-induced duodenal ulcers. This PGE1 derivative had no influence on both basal and stimulated acid secretion and did not significantly affect alkaline secretion even at 100 μg/kg. These results suggest that TY-10957 has a protective action on both gastric and duodenal mucosa. The mechanism of duodenal antiulcer effect may involve both inhibition of acid and stimulation of alkaline secretion, while the gastroprotective action of this agent may be attributed to othe

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200225

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cell renewal in the duodenal mucosa of Mastomys was studied by autoradiography 1 and 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine. Non-specific duodenitis and duodenal ulceration were produced with a continuous infusion of histamine. Mucosal renewal in the duodenum of 30 control Mastomys was compared with 30 which received histamine dihydrochloride for 5 days. No abnormality developed in the controls, but 11 of the experimental group developed non-specific duodenitis and 12 duodenal ulcers. The size of the proliferative zone was increased in the Mastomys sacrificed 1 h after injection of tritiated thymidine which received histamine, compared with controls (p = 0.004). The number of labelled nuclei (p = 0.0003) and the size of the columns of labelled nuclei (p = 0.001) were increased in the Mastomys receiving histamine and sacrificed 24 h after injection of tritiated thymidine, compared with controls. The number of labelled nuclei (p = 0.004) and the size of the columns of labelled nuclei (p = 0.01) were increased in the Mastomys with ulcers compared with the other Mastomys which had received histamine. Cimetidine prevented duodenitis and ulceration, normalising the pattern of cell renewal. There was correlation between the severity of non-specific and ulcer-related duodenitis as judged by Lance’s system [1]and the number of labelled nuclei (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.771, p < 0.002). Cell renewal increased as duodenitis became more severe and duodenal ulcers were found in duodenal mucosa where cell renewal was fastes

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200226

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that psychoneurosis in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may be the secondary effects of the unsatisfactory nature of the medical transactions (diagnosis, explanation, prognosis, and therapy) in IBS rather than a primary cause of the syndrome. We carried out psychometric assessments on three groups of subjects: 10 healthy volunteers, 12 patients diagnosed as suffering from benign gastrointestinal disease, and 18 patients with IBS. We found a significantly raised incidence of psychoneurosis in IBS, but the components of this were predominantly anxiety and obsession; the incidence of depression in all 3 groups was similar. We argue that the data support our hypothesis that the psychoneurotic manifestations are secondary components of IBS; the data do not support the hypothesis that IBS is a manifestation of depression.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200227

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a slow-release preparation of 5-amino-salicylic acid (Pentasa®) has been performed in 40 patients with active Crohn’s disease. Over a 6-week period, Pentasa (1.5 g daily) was no different to the dummy tablet in terms of clinical activity (Harvey-Bradshaw Index) or laboratory indicators of inflammation. No serious adverse reactions occurr

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200228

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) on the ileum and colon was examined in vivo in the rat in an attempt to clarify the effects of enterotoxins on colonic mucosa and to determine if these effects were influenced by short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Both CT and ST induced similar changes in water and electrolyte fluxes, and the magnitude of these changes in loops of colon was similar to that observed in loops of ileum. The addition of luminal SCFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate did not influence the effect of either toxin in loops of ileum. However, in loops of colon exposed to CT, luminal butyrate (40 mM) largely reversed the effect of CT by converting net water secretion (mean ± SE, -363 ± 154 nl•cm-2•min-1) to net water absorption (470 ± 194 nl·cm-2·min-1) and by significantly reducing the net secretion of sodium ions. In loops of colon exposed to ST, similar effects were observed although net water secretion (-784 ± 114 nl•cm-2•min-1) was only partially reversed by butyrate (-318 ± 102 nl•cm-2•min-1). In contrast to butyrate, acetate and propionate did not influence changes in colonic fluxes of water and sodium induced by enterotoxins. Oxidation of butyrate and glucose was observed to be depressed in colonocytes pre-exposed to CT but not to ST. In this model, colonic secretion induced by enterotoxins is similar to that observed in the ileum but differs from ileal secretion in its modulation b

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200229

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Female rats were subjected to various degrees (50, 75, 90 and 100%) of fundectomy, i.e. resection of the acid-producing part of the stomach, to compare the effects of different degrees of reduction of the amount of acid reaching the antrum. Plasma gastrin was monitored for 10 weeks after the operation. Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity, histamine concentration and density of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the remaining oxyntic mucosa were determined in the rats subjected to 50 or 75% fundectomy. There was a close correlation between the amount of acid-producing mucosa removed and the plasma gastrin levels, the highest gastrin level being observed in the rats subjected to 100% fundectomy. HDC activity, histamine concentration and ECL cell density seemed to reflect plasma gastrin concentration. These findings indicate that hypergastrinemia induced by surgical removal of acid-producing mucosa in the rat has the same effects on oxyntical mucosal HDC activity, histamine concentration and ECL cell density as hypergastrinemia induced by continuous gastrin infusion or by long-term treatment with effective antisecretagogues.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200230

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The clinical relevance of cispride’s stimulating effects on lower oesophageal motility was studied in 19 patients with documented (endoscopy, biopsy) grade II or III oesophagitis. Patients were treated for 8 or 16 weeks (depending essentially on whether the result was cure or failure) with 10 mg of cisapride four times a day (n = 11) or placebo (n = 8). Cisapride was superior to placebo with regard to mucosal healing (p < 0.001) and symptomatic improvement (p < 0.05): at the end of treatment, healing (grade 0) was observed in 8 cisapride patients, against 1 placebo patient, and reflux symptoms had disappeared in 7 and 1 patients, respectively. In conclusion, cisapride was of significant benefit to oesophagitis patients and was well tolerate

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200231

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Blood samples of 300 consecutive subjects suspected for drunken driving were prospectively analyzed for concentrations of pancreatic and hepatic enzymes. Mean alcohol concentration was 1.5 ± 0.8 ‰ ( ± SD; range 0–3.7 ‰). Increased enzyme concentrations were found in 25/300 subjects for amylase, in 43/300 for trypsin, in 49/300 for γ-glutamyl transferase and in 82/300 for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Subjects with alcohol concentrations greater than 1 ‰ had abnormal pancreatic and hepatic enzymes more frequently than subjects with alcohol concentrations smaller than 1 %o. However, pancreatic enzyme levels were higher than twice the upper normal limit only in 3/300 subjects, whereas hepatic enzyme levels exceeded twice the upper normal limit in 31/300 subjects. Therefore, other factors in addition to alcohol are necessary to initiate acute pancreatitis. The liver is more susceptible to acute injury by alcohol than th

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200232

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger