摘要:

Smooth muscle cells isolated from cecal circular smooth muscle of the guinea pig were used to determine whether thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) can inhibit the contractile response produced by 10-6M carbachol by exerting a direct action on muscle cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of 2´,5´-dideoxy-adenosine (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (an inhibitor of particulate guanylate cyclase), 6-anilinoquinoline-5,8-quinone (an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase) and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) on the TRH-induced relaxation of cecal circular smooth muscle cells was examined. TRH inhibited the contractile response produced by 10-6M carbachol in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 4 nM. 2´,5´-Dideoxyadenosine and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not have any significant effect on the TRH-induced relaxation. On the other hand, 6-anilinoquinoline-5,8-quinone and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester significantly inhibited the relaxation produced by TRH. Our findings show that TRH has a direct inhibitory effect on the isolated cecal circular smooth muscle cells via activation of nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cy

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201317

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of cholestasis and ileal dysfunction on sterol metabolism was studied in 79 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and in 23 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) controls by determining serum sterol/cholesterol proportions. The sterols included cholesterol precursors (Δ8-cholestenol, desmo-sterol and lathosterol), markers of cholesterol synthesis, cholestanol and plant sterols (campesterol and sitosterol), markers of cholesterol absorption and biliary secretion. The IBD patients were subgrouped into distal ulcerative colitis (dUC, n = 21), pancolitis (pUC, n = 29), ileal Crohn’s disease (iCD, n = 20) and colonic Crohn’s disease (cCD, n = 9). The cholestanol proportions were increased in the 3 colonic IBD groups, up to two times in cCD patients and seven times in a case with clinically overt primary sclerosing cholangitis, but were within the control IBS levels in the patients with iCD. The sitosterol, but not campesterol, proportion was significantly increased only in the pUC group. In the iCD group only the serum precursor sterol proportions, especially those for Δ8-cholestenol and lathosterol, were elevated probably due to ileal dysfunction induced bile acid malabsorption and compensatorily increased cholesterol synthesis. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the increased cholestanol proportion in colonic IBD is determined mainly by impaired biliary elimination of this sterol, while in ileal affision the dominating change in sterol balance is activated cholesterol synthesis. Thus increased serum cholestanol is a novel finding in colonic IBD, apparently indicating the presence of subclinical cholestasis in a marked number (20-50%) of IBD pat

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201318

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have previously shown that the percentage distribution of the pseudocholinesterase isozymes (C1, C2, C3 and C4) is significantly altered in patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to assess the time course and the clinical meaning of the pseudocholinesterase isozymes during an acute phase in CD. Ten healthy volunteers and 10 patients with active CD (Crohn’s disease activity index, CDAI, > 200) were examined. In CD patients an acute phase treatment with prednisolone was administered for 7 weeks reaching an improvement (CDAI < 200) in 7 patients. Before initiation of steroid treatment, the isozymes C1 (controls: median 19.7%, interquartile range 16-22.2%; CD: 6.2%, 5-8%; p < 0.001) and C4 (controls: 63.5%, 59-71%; CD 81.7%, 72.9-84.7%; p < 0.001) were decreased and increased, respectively, and did not change significantly during the time of acute phase treatment. The isozymes C2 and C3 did not show any difference between controls and CD patients. Five of the patients were followed up for the subsequent 3 months of remission (CDAI < 150). During this period C1 and C4 normalized and no difference between controls and CD patients was obtained (C1: 16.4%, 15.5-20.2%; C4: 59.4%, 55.8-60.5%). Therefore, pseudocholinesterase isozymes are useful parameters in CD to indicate active CD or long-term remiss

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201319

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Saccharomyces boulardii (S.b.) is used for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea of different etiologies. We prospectively investigated the effects of S.b. on lymphocytes and duodenal mucosa. Before and after oral administration of S.b. for 3 weeks, circulating and intestinal lymphocytes were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry. Trophic effects on duodenal mucosa were investigated by morphometry and determination of brush border enzyme activity. Results were compared intraindividually before and after S.b. In intestinal lymphocytes no phenotypic changes were observed. CD4+ cells of the peripheral blood had a significantly increased expression of CD25 (p < 0.02). None of twelve volunteers had an increase in villous surface area (n.s.). Immunoglobulin A content in small intestine secretion was unaltered. An increase in brush border enzyme activity of lactase, α-glucosidase, and alkaline phosphatase was observed (p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that S.b. has a positive effect on the maturation of enterocytes and only a minor influence on lymphocytes

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201320

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201321

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activities were measured in rectal biopsies from 55 patients (28 males, 27 females aged 22-81 years), in colonic biopsies from 19 patients (10 males, 9 females aged 21-81 years) and in three surgical specimens. All patients had normal mucosa as determined by light microscopy. The activity of rectal ADH was comparable to gastric ADH activity and did not exhibit any significant gender effect (5.5 ± 1.1 vs. 6.7 ± 1.0 nmol/mg protein × min; nonsignificant). No significant correlation was found between age and rectal ADH activity. Compared to ADH activities in other colonic segments, rectal ADH activity was found to be significantly increased (ascending colon: 3.9 ± 0.7 nmol/mg protein × min; p < 0.05; transversal colon: 3.4 ± 1.1 nmol/mg protein × min; p < 0.05; descending colon 2.3 ± 0.4 nmol/mg protein × min; p < 0.001; rectum 6.1 ± 0.8 nmol/mg protein × min). This higher activity of ADH in the rectum could result in increased acetaldehyde levels after alcohol administration and could therefore play a role, at least in part, in the ethanol-associated rectal cocarc

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201322

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To establish patterns of mucin staining in the colon, a differential staining method was developed separating acid mucins into sialomucins and sulfomucins, and their distribution was studied along the colon of 9 normal subjects, 6 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission and 9 with colon cancer. Serial mucosal biopsies from the cecum to the rectum, were taken at colonoscopy and stained with aldehyde-fuchsin and alcian blue. The mean score of staining intensity in normals for sialomucins was higher than for sulfomucins, 1.85 ± 0.05 versus 0.60 ± 0.08 (p < 0.05). A significantly lower staining score for sulfomucins was found in the descending colon and in the cecum when compared with the rectum. Ninety-seven percent of the slides were positive for sialomucins, but only 50% for sulfomucins (p < 0.05). The mean ( ± SE) staining intensity for sialomucins in the ulcerative colitis and cancer groups was 1.60 ± 0.08 and 1.60 ± 0.05 (p = 0.002 and p < 0.05 when compared with the controls, respectively). A difference in the percentage of biopsies positive for sulfomucins, in controls and proctosigmoiditis groups, was also observed: 50.0 and 33.3%, respectively (p = 0.013). No significant change was demonstrated in the mean sulfomucin staining score comparing normal and colon cancer patients. Our results may be used as a baseline for further research on mucin staining patterns in colorectal inflammatory and neoplastic dise

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201323

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The clinical value of the tumor marker human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (hCG-β) in ascitic fluid for the differentiation of malignancy-related and nonmalignant ascites was evaluated. Ascitic fluid protein, cholesterol and cytological examination were determined for comparison. Thirty-six patients with malignancy-related ascites (27 peritoneal carcinomatosis, 9 miscellaneous malignant causes without peritoneal carcinomatosis) and 69 patients with nonmalignant ascites (55 with liver cirrhosis, 14 with miscellaneous nonmalignant causes) were investigated. hCG-β concentrations were elevated in malignant samples and with a cut-off value of 10 mlU/ml hCG-β yielded a sensitivity of 61 %, specificity of 94% and efficiency of 83%. Ascitic fluid protein (cutoff value 3.0 g/l00 ml) and cholesterol (cut-off value 45 mg/l00 ml) concentrations showed a sensitivity of 64%/83%, specificity of 77%/81% and efficiency of 72%/82%. The combination of hCG-β and cytological examination yielded 89.5% differential diagnostic efficiency, superior to the combinations of protein and cytology or protein and hCG-β. hCG-β tended to be superior to protein/cholesterol determination regarding sensitivity (44% vs. 50%/33%) and specificity (79% vs. 50%/57%) in the subgroups of patients with miscellaneous causes of ascites. In conclusion, hCG-β is frequently elevated in malignancy-related ascites and seems to be as useful a parameter as total protein for the differentiation of malignancy-related from nonmalignant a

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201324

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The discriminative value of patient characteristics and dyspeptic symptoms for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings was prospectively assessed in 1,147 patients attending for their first diagnostic endoscopy and who answered paper (n = 431) or computerized (n = 716) questionnaires. The questionnaires provided detailed information concerning present dyspeptic symptoms, with special attention to provoking and/or relieving factors, and smoking and/or drinking habits. In logistic regression models each of a number of ‘specific endoscopic diagnoses’ was contrasted with normal endoscopy (n = 390), and ‘relevant endoscopic disease’ (oesophagitis, peptic ulcers, cancers; n = 269) was contrasted with ‘irrelevant’ and normal endoscopic findings (n = 878). From the regression model a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve could be constructed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to summarize the discriminative power of the regression model. The best discrimination from patients with a normal endoscopy was achieved for patients with gastric (AUC = 0.86) or duodenal (AUC = 0.85) ulcers, followed by patients with hiatus hernia (AUC = 0.78) or oesophagitis (AUC = 0.77). The discriminative performance of the regression models was somewhat less for duodenitis/bulbitis (AUC = 0.75) and endoscopic gastritis (AUC = 0.73). In an open-access endoscopy unit setting, the value of preinves-tigation history-taking for the prediction of clinically relevant endoscopic disease was very limited (

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201325

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and prostaglandin in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced delayed gastric emptying was investigated. Gastric emptying was monitored 20 min after orogastric delivery of a methylcellulose phenol red solution in fasted rats injected intravenously with IL-1β at the ED50 38, CαMeLeu37]-CRF12-41 (20 μg/rat), injected intracisternally, or indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.p.) completely abolished IL-1β (3 ng/rat i.v.)-induced gastric stasis. The CRF antagonist injected intravenously (20 μg/rat) did not influence the IL-1β inhibitory action. None of the pretreatments given alone influenced basal gastric emptying. These data suggest that peripheral IL-1β-induced inhibition of gastric emptying is mediated by specific IL-1 receptor interactions and brain CRF pathways requiring the integrity of eicosanoid-cyclooxygenas

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000201326

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger