摘要:

The effect of endogenously stimulated gastrin on serum insulin level was investigated in 7 normal subjects. Glycine by mouth was chosen as gastrin releaser. The glycine drink caused a significant rise of serum gastrin and insulin levels either in the fasting state or during glucose stimulation. However, serum insulin response of same magnitude occurred when stimulation of gastrin secretion was prevented to occur by infusing glycine into the duodenum. The results suggest that post-glycine rise in serum insulin was not mediated by endogenous gastrin release.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197315

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The intestinal perfusion technique was used in 10 healthy subjects to measure the effects of pentagastrin (PG) on jejunal and ileal net and unidirectional movements from two isotonic solutions, one of which was glucose-free (solution I) and the other contained 30 mM glucose (solution II); in five further subjects, the effect of the pentapeptide on intrajejunal transit time was assessed, (a) In the jejunum, PG had no effect on net movements of water and electrolytes from solution I, whereas it significantly reduced net absorption of water, sodium, potassium and chloride from solution II, without affecting the absorption of glucose itself, (b) Both jejunal unidirectional fluxes of water, sodium and potassium were reduced by pentagastrin, whatever the solution infused; but, in the presence of glucose, the insorption (lumen to blood flux) of water and electrolytes was predominantly decreased, (c) PG did not modify intrajejunal transit time of fluid, (d) Ileal transport of water and ions was not affected by PG. The mechanism of the action of PG is discussed in the light of current knowledge of transport mechanisms across the intestine, and the possibility is raised that it may act through a reduction of the size of the ‘pores’ of the plasma membrane of the enterocyte. Finally, it is suggested that overproduction of gastrin, as seen in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, may play a direct role in the watery diarrhea sometimes observed in this dise

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197316

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The action of glucagon on gastrointestinal secretion has been studied in two groups of 3 dogs each. The group-A dogs were prepared with gastric fistulas, Pavlov pouches and pancreatic fistulas, while the dogs in group B possessed only gastric fistulas and biliary fistulas. Glucagon infused intravenously in a dose of 25 μg/kg-h, during a steady state of half maximal secretory response to food caused a marked inhibition of acid secretion from Pavlov pouches and bicarbonate and protein secretion from pancreatic fistula. Biliary secretion was not affected by glucagon

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197317

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The contamination of gastric juice by salivary and pharyngeal mucous secretions is influenced by two factors: the control of swallowing and the quantitative variation in salivary secretions induced by the indwelling gastric tube. In order to study the latter factor, comparisons of salivary output were drawn under three conditions: (1) resting, (2) chewing parafilm, (3) presence of a gastric tube introduced orally. In one group of healthy volunteers, the mixed saliva was collected and measured in a 1-hour sample following the three experimental conditions. The fucose, galactose, hexosamines, sialic acids, uronic acids and sulfate concentrations were estimated in salivary dry solids. A nearly 4-fold increase in volume and dry solids was noticed in the ‘parafilm’ and ‘tube’ samples. In the ‘tube’ sample, carbohydrate constituents were twice as high as in the ‘parafilm’ sample and 5–6 times higher as in the ‘resting’ sample. In a second group of volunteers, the same design was carried out, but the collection was fractionated in six; 10-min samples and determinations were limited to fucose and sulfates. Their output was constant under resting conditions and when chewing parafilm. In the presence of a gastric tube, highest values were obtained in the first two samples which were followed by a sharp decrease. In a third group of volunteers a separate collection of salivary and pharyngeal secretions was attempted. The concentration of carbohydrates per ml secretion was 3–5 times higher in the pharyngeal samples, the highest difference being shown by sulfate and uronic acids. It is concluded that on the course of a gastric secretory test, the indwelling gastric tube induces a considerable increase in the acidic mucosubstances of the pharyngeal and salivary secretion. Thus, usual methods (spitting, aspiration, dental pledgets) used to avoid the swallowing of salivary secretions will not eliminate the major source of contami

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197318

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Suspensions of villus cells of the small intestinal mucosa have been prepared from fasted and fed rats. The lipid contents of such suspensions have been measured by quantitative thin layer chromatography, expressed in terms of the cell content and compared with the lipid analysis of the rat sera and conditioning diet. Villus mucosal cells contain sufficient lipid for exfoliation to constitute a significant potential source of lipid loss into the intestinal lumen.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197319

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000188099

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1902

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000188100

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1902

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pure-tone audiological examination was performed in 22 neomycin-treated and untreated stable alcoholic cirrhotic patients, 10 of whom had previously undergone porta-caval shunt surgery. Severe sensori-neural hearing losses were found in the shunted group only, regardless of whether or not they had previously received neomycin. Normal audiograms were seen only among non-shunted cirrhotics. Air conduction hearing thresholds for frequencies above 3 kHz were significantly higher (poorer hearing) in the shunted compared to the non-shunted group. Thresholds were also significantly higher in shunted patients who had not received neomycin when compared to non-shunted neomycin untreated cirrhotics. These data indicate that factors other than neomycin may be contributing to the hearing loss encountered in alcoholic cirrhotics.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197320

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The lower percentage of viral hepatitis in aged compared with young people was confirmed in a study of 1,335 cases of this disease. However, when referred to the total population in related age groups, the actual incidence appeared not so low as it was previously believed to be. This may be due to rarer contacts rather than to immunity. The increasing incidence of inoculated hepatitis in the higher age groups was confirmed. However, it is doubtful if the increasing incidence of inoculated hepatitis alone could be responsible for the reduced life expectancy in the total population of aged people with viral hepatitis. The rather poor risk in the aged can be explained by the more severe and longer course of the disease in a less efficient liver.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000197322

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000188101

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1902

数据来源: Karger