摘要:

A probe for simultaneous measurement of cross-sectional area and pressure was used to elucidate biomechanical wall properties during anal distension. Measurements in distal sphincter regions demonstrated a high resistance to stretch and a large hysteresis compared to proximal sphincter regions. Resistance to stretch decreased during anal distension indicating an active relaxation mechanism at all recording levels. The zone with high resistance to stretch was located more distal than the high-pressure zone measured by anal-pressure profilometry. In conclusion, biomechanical wall properties of the anal canal cannot be described by classic viscoelastic theories but rather by a loss of sphincter tone caused by reflex mechanism during anal distension.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200674

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hyperventilation is associated with some symptoms suggestive of irritable bowel syndrome and has been implicated in provoking excessive oesophageal contractility. Sixteen patients with irritable bowel syndrome were therefore studied in order to assess the effect of hyperventilation on distal colonic motility and rectal sensitivity. No significant change in either the amplitude or frequency of colonic contractile activity was noted following hyperventilation, nor was any alteration in rectal sensitivity observed. This study shows that acute hyperventilation does not affect colonic motor activity or visceral sensitivity and suggests that hyperventilation and irritable bowel syndrome are not causally related.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200675

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To study the effect of intravenously given omeprazole on the 24-hour gastric secretion, 9 male patients with previously endoscopic proven duodenal ulcer disease were studied. Two four-dose regimens only differing in loading doses were compared. The study showed that 40 mg omeprazole, administered intravenously 4 times a day, is able to keep the gastric pH above 4 in 85% of the 24-hour study period and in 65% of the time pH was above 6. The corresponding values from the baseline period were 10 and 6%. There was no additional effect by a larger loading dose.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200676

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to collect data on (1) the prevalence of lactose malabsorption and (2) the value of indirect diagnostic methods for hypolactasia in diabetics, we compared lactose tolerance tests using serum glucose, serum galactose (after oral ethanol intake) and breath hydrogen excretion as diagnostic cutoff in 144 nondiabetic and 46 diabetic subjects. A good rate of concordance was found for the hydrogen breath test and galactose-dependent lactose tolerance test. The glucose-dependent lactose tolerance test was found to be of satisfactory diagnostic value in nondiabetic subjects and was useless for diagnostic purposes in diabetics. Lactose malabsorption was no more frequent in diabetics than in controls and lactose intolerance was found to be less frequent in the diabetic group. A distinction between hypolactasia and other gastrointestinal disorders in diabetics is possible by ambulatory indirect tests.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200677

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of bombesin, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) on amylase secretion from the isolated rat pancreatic acini and on DNA synthesis (as biochemical indicator of trophic action) in the pancreas have been examined in 48-hour fasted and 16-hour refed rats with and without administration of specific receptor antagonists for bombesin, gastrin and CCK. Studies on the isolated rat acini revealed that bombesin, gastrin and CCK-8 all showed the same efficacy in their ability to stimulate amylase release. RC-3095, bombesin pseudopeptide antagonizing bombesin receptors, was effective only in suppressing the amylase response to bombesin but not to gastrin or CCK. Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists for gastrin (L-365,260) and for CCK (L-364,718) showed higher efficacy in the inhibition of amylase release induced by pentagastrin and CCK, respectively, but failed to affect that induced by bombesin. These peptides administered 3 times daily for 48 h in fasted rats increased the rate of DNA synthesis as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. The blockade of bombesin receptors abolished the DNA synthesis induced only by bombesin but not by gastrin or CCK. The blockade of gastrin receptors by L-365,260 suppressed the DNA synthesis induced by gastrin while the antagonism of CCK receptors by L-364,718 was effective only against CCK. Refeeding of 48-hour fasting rats strongly enhanced DNA synthesis which was significantly reduced by blocking only the CCK receptors (with L-364,718), but not the bombesin (with RC-3095) or gastrin receptors (with L-365,260). This study indicates that the secretory stimulation of pancreatic acini and DNA synthesis can be achieved by exogenous bombesin, gastrin and CCK acting via separate receptors, but that only CCK plays the major role in the postprandial stimulation of the growth of pancreatic tissue.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200678

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the specific cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist loxiglumide on hepatic and pancreatic processing of CCK-8 and the CCK analogue cerulein. Rat liver perfusion was performed in a non-recirculating system. CCK concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in perfusates from the inflow cannula (portal vein) and the outflow cannula (hepatic vein). In rat pancreatic acini, the effect of loxiglumide on internalization and surface-binding of radiolabelled CCK-8 was determined. Cerulein (20 nM, 2 nM) was extracted in a single pass through the liver by 29.7 and 25.4%, respectively. The hepatic uptake of CCK-8 (50 pM, 2 nM) was more than 90 and 89.9%, respectively. Loxiglumide drastically inhibited hepatic extraction of both peptides and reduced internalization of 125I-CCK-8 in pancreatic acini dose dependently by 39–93%. These results demonstrate that the potent CCK receptor antagonist loxiglumide significantly decreased CCK uptake by the liver and pancrea

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200679

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Neutrophil motility in normal subjects and Crohn’s disease patients was assessed using both double and single filter assay systems with n-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP) as the attractant, and in a single filter assay with Candida albicans in 10% serum as the attractant. Assays were performed in triplicate and included controls to eliminate the effect of random (non-stimulated) locomotion. After incubation at 37 °C, filters were fixed and stained and the numbers of neutrophils per filter field counted under the microscope. Stimulated migration was calculated by subtracting random from total migration. Compared to normal neutrophils, 56% more Crohn’s disease neutrophils migrated towards FMLP in the double filter system (p = 0.01). With the single filter technique using FMLP as the attractant 58% more Crohn’s disease neutrophils migrated (p = 0.002). With the single filter technique using C. albicans as the attractant 47% more Crohn’s disease neutrophils migrated (p = 0.02). Neutrophil motility in patients with Crohn’s disease is enhanced and results were not related to diseas

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200680

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We compared the effects of graded doses of misoprostol (50–200 mg), omeprazole (12.5–50 mg), cimetidine (6.25–50 mg) and sucralfate (50–200 mg) on gastric mucosal blood flow as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol. The results demonstrated that sucralfate, misoprostol and omeprazole, but not cimetidine, increased gastric mucosal blood flow in a dose-dependent manner and protected the mucosa against ethanol damage. The peak and summation blood flow were significantly greater with sucralfate than with misoprostol and omeprazole, but the degree of mucosal protection was similar. These results indicate that the increase in gastric mucosal blood flow, an action which is common to the three drugs, plays an important role in gastric mucosal protection, but other factors are also i

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200681

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger