摘要:

BRL 24924, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, was evaluated for effects on gastric secretion of acid and pepsin and possible influences on the effects of serotonin on gastric secretion. Experiments were carried out in conscious dogs with a gastric fistula during a background stimulation of gastric secretion by continuous infusions of pentagastrin, bethanechol or histamine. During infusion of pentagastrin or histamine, BRL 24924, by itself, influenced gastric secretion with stimulation during a low potent background stimulation and inhibition during a potent background stimulation. A serotonin-counteracting effect of BRL 24924 on gastric secretion was found only during infusion of pentagastrin. The secretory stimulation attained by BRL 24924 could be blocked by atropin suggesting a cholinergic mechanism – 5-HT4 receptors? The inhibitory effects on gastric secretion and the serotonin-counteracting effects of BRL 24924 are supposed to be via 5-HT3 receptor

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200683

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous works have documented that pentagastrin has a stimulatory effect on salivary secretion. In this paper, we have studied the action of caerulein, a peptide that has an active gastrin-like terminal tetrapeptide, on salivary secretion in man. Our data documented that caerulein and pentagastrin have a similar excitatory effect on gastric secretion in man, but different actions on salivary flow. Caerulein, at increasing doses, inhibits salivary flow, but not the secretion of amylase; this effect is statistically significant at 0.5 µg/kg/h which is the same dose that maximally stimulates gastric secretion. The inhibitory effect of caerulein was not reversed by previous injection of papavarin

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200684

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have investigated the relationship between cholecystokinin levels and abdominal pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The baseline and postprandial cholecystokinin levels were measured in 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis (8 with and 7 without abdominal pain) and in a reference group of 8 healthy subjects. The baseline, 30 and 60 min postprandial plasma cholecystokinin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the patients with pain as compared with the other two groups. No correlation was observed between increased cholecystokinin levels and impairment of the exocrine pancreatic function as assessed by the NBT-PABA test. The increased cholecystokinin levels might be an important factor in the genesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200685

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Gastric acidity of 12 patients with healed duodenal ulcers was continuously monitored over 24 h in order to assess the antisecretory effects of two different administration times of a single daily dose of ranitidine 300 mg. Each patient orally received either (a) placebo at 08.00 h and 22.00 h; (b) ranitidine 300 mg at 08.00 h and placebo at 22.00 h, or (c) placebo at 08.00 h and ranitidine 300 mg at 22.00 h in randomized and double-blind fashion. Each medication was administered on three separate occasions, with intervals of at least 1 week. Both the morning and the bedtime doses of ranitidine were significantly superior (p < 0.001) to placebo in controlling 24-hour gastric acidity, while, in the same period, ranitidine nocte was more effective (p < 0.001) than ranitidine mane. During the night, bedtime ranitidine caused more acid inhibition (p < 0.001) than morning ranitidine, but the opposite (p < 0.01) occurred during the daytime. This study shows that the antisecretory effect of morning ranitidine during the daytime is less consistent than that achieved by bedtime ranitidine during the nocturnal period. As similar rates of duodenal ulcer healing have recently been achieved with morning and conventional nighttime administration of H2 antagonists, it becomes clear that antisecretory drugs can also be beneficial with an acid inhibition which is shorter-lasting than that which was previously thought to be necessary or, alternatively, that also daytime acidity is important in ulcerogenesis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200686

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA detection was carried out, using a full-length HDV RNA probe, in serum of 43 patients with chronic HDV infection. Among them, 30 cases (70%) were HDV RNA-positive. With respect to other HDV markers, serum HDAg (detected by immunoblot) was found in 33 patients (77%) and IgM anti-HD in 29 (67%). A similar percentage of HDV RNA-positive patients with and without circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (32.5 vs. 37%, respectively) was found. Antibodies against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were detected in 15/43 subjects studied. The presence of HDV RNA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in anti-HIV-seropositive cases (93%) than in the HIV-seronegative ones (57%). Moreover, simultaneous HDV and HBV replication was found more frequently (60 vs. 18%, p < 0.05) and at higher levels among the anti-HIV-positive patients than in the rest. In addition, in most of the anti-HIV-positive subjects, HDV RNA and HBV DNA were constantly positive during a whole year of follow-up.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200687

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on disaccharidase activity in intestinal epithelial cells were studied in mice. In salivectomised mice, the sucrase and maltase activities decreased significantly compared to the control group. When EGF was given to salivectomised mice, the sucrase and maltase activities rose, but still remained below the normal values. These results show that the submaxillary glands produced another factor, beside EGF, which induced glycoprotein enzyme formation in the Golgi complex.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200688

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Local intra-arterial administration of endothelin-1 induced small intestinal mucosal damage in rats in a dose-dependent manner. A remarkable decrease in mucosal blood flow (15% of control values) was observed by a laser Doppler flowmetry 10 min after injection of endothelin-1 (1 nmol/kg). Endothelin-1 at this dose induced significant hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the small intestinal mucosa 30 min after the injection. Decreased mucosal blood flow was attenuated to some extent by the pretreatment with platelet-activating factor (PAF) inhibitor, CV-6209, superoxide dismutase plus catalase or the calcium antagonist, nicorandil. All these inhibitors significantly prevented the endothe-lin-1 -induced ischemic necrotic damage in the small intestine. These results suggest a potential role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of ischemic bowel diseases in clinical situations and also the possibility that PAF and oxygen-derived free radicals may be involved as secondary mediators in endothelin-induced intestinal tissue damage.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200689

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The different morphotypes of patients have been determined by sonography of the upper abdomen and statistical calculation according to a previously published method. Patients have been classified into the following 3 groups: ‘longilignes’, ‘normotypes’ and ‘brévilignes’ which fit with ancient anatomical descriptions. In 74 normal controls, there were 21.6% brévilignes and 44.5% longilignes, in alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 31) 77.4 and 6.4%, respectively, in postnecrotic viral cirrhosis (n = 28). 25.0 and 17.8% and in alcoholic chronic calcifying pancreatitis (n = 25) 12.0 and 76.0%. These differences which are significant between all groups show that the morphotype of the human body is different in cirrhotic and pancreatitis patients. As morphotypes preexist to cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis, this is an argument for the assumed predisposition (possibly hereditary) to cirrhosis and chronic

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200690

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Failure of acid suppression by H2-receptor antagonists has been observed, and recently we have found a higher frequency of patients with inadequate antisecretory response among patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In the present study comprising 16 cirrhotics with inadequate antisecretory response to 300 mg of ranitidine, we tested the effect of 40 mg omeprazole. Nighttime intragastric pH was continuously monitored, and a rise in the intragastric pH above 4.0 for more than 6 h following the oral dose at 18.00 h was considered as response. The median pH profile during the omeprazole treatment was significantly higher than with ranitidine (p ≤ 0.001). In contrast to 300 mg ranitidine, which despite sufficient plasma levels 2 and 4 h after intake (762 ± 431 and 802 ± 668 ng/ml) resulted in a rise in the nighttime intragastric pH above 4 only for 1.8 ± 1.7 h, after omeprazole for at least 5 days, the intragastric pH was for 10.1 ± 2.4 of 12 h above 4 during the night (p < 0.001). The omeprazole plasma levels were 611 ± 323 and 881 ± 533 ng/ml after 2 and 4 h. The data obtained with intragastric pH monitoring indicate that the H+K+-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole is able to overcome the H2-blocker resistance in cir

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200691

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger