摘要:

The effects of atropine and cimetropium bromide, a new antimuscarinic compound with strong spasmolytic properties, were studied on human esophageal motility. Twenty healthy subjects underwent esophageal manometry with continuous monitoring of lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), and of amplitude, duration and velocity of contractions of the esophageal body. After a 30-min basal period, atropine (12 µg/kg) or cimetropium (5 mg) were administered as an intravenous bolus in a cross-over random manner and the recording was continued for another 60 min. Twenty minutes after injection, atropine and cimetropium decreased maximally, in a similar extent, both the amplitude of contractions of the esophageal body (-65% of the basal values) and the LESP (-30% of the basal values). The duration and propagation velocity of the esophageal contractions did not change significantly after both drugs. Sixty minutes after injection of cimetropium, the amplitude of contractions of the esophageal body and LESP returned to basal values while atropine still reduced both variables. These findings indicate that cimetropium bromide has an inhibitory effect on LESP and on the amplitude of contractions of the esophageal body similar to atropine, but its action lasts less time

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199900

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to prospectively determine the effect of gastrectomy with or without enterogastric reflux on serum pepsinogen concentrations, serum pepsinogen A, serum pepsinogen C and the pepsinogen A:C ratio were measured before, and 10 days and 6, 15 and 24 months after 2/3–3/4 distal gastrectomy in peptic ulcer patients with primary Roux-en-Y diversion (n = 11) or Billroth II reconstruction (n = 11). Gastrectomy induced early decreases in serum pepsinogen A from 100 ± 12 to 66 ± 7 μg/l (p < 0.05) and from 111 ± 11 to 82 ± 20 μg/l (p = 0.05), serum pepsinogen C from 49 ± 6 to 29 ± 5 μg/l (p < 0.05) and from 54 ± 9 to 40 ± 11 μg/l (p = 0.10) in patients with Roux-en-Y and Billroth II gastrectomy, respectively, but did not influence the pepsinogen A:C ratios. Serum pepsinogen A and the pepsinogen A:C ratio continued to decrease 6 months after surgery but no further significant reductions were observed 15 and 24 months postoperatively. Serum pepsinogen C concentrations did not significantly change during postoperative follow-up. Analyses of variances of serum pepsinogen A and the pepsinogen A:C ratio showed that the type of operation had no significant effect on the postoperative course. It is concluded that gastrectomy leads to early decreases in serum pepsinogen A and pepsinogen C levels followed by progressive further reductions of serum pepsinogen A and the pepsinogen A:C ratio for a period of 6 months postoperatively. These postoperative changes of serum pepsinogens are not due to increased enterogastric b

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199901

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fifty-two unselected patients referred to for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were evaluated in several ways to determine the presence of Campylobacter pylori. Antibodies against this microorganism were measured to assess the value of serology for the diagnosis of C, pylori infection. Five antral biopsy specimens were taken in each patient for culture and bacteriological determinations, histology [moφhology and Warthin-Starry (WS) staining] and the urease test (2, 3 and 24 h). Serum antibodies against a sonicate of 6 strains of microorganisms were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and an immunoblotting technique. In 14 of the 52 patients the histology of the antrum was normal, 18 patients had chronic active gastritis and 20 had chronic gastritis without polymorphonuclear infiltration. In the group with normal histology, only 1 patient was positive for C. pylori with all methods, and 1 other subject was positive for IgG and 2 for IgA only with ELISA. In the group with chronic active gastritis, 14 were positive with all methods, 1 was negative by WS only and another was negative for IgA according to ELISA, WS and antibodies. Among the patients with chronic gastritis, 7 were positive and 7 negative with all tests; in the other 6 patients the results obtained with the various tests were divergent. Four serological tests were studied and validated against culture, WS and urease test which were considered to be the reference methods. The serological tests showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of C. pylori-associated active chronic gastritis of the antrum, and can therefore serve as noninvasive methods to identify individuals with this condition

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199902

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of the new antiulcer agent plaunotol on the release of endogenous secretin and the pancreatic exocrine secretion was investigated in anesthetized rats. In 48 rats with pancreatic and biliary diversion, continuous intraduodenal infusion of plaunotol in 3 graded doses (5, 20 and 80 mg/h/rat) resulted in significant increases in both circulating plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic exocrine secretion, including volume and bicarbonate output, in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.655, p < 0.001; r = 0.598, p < 0.001; r = 0.436, p < 0.01, respectively). The pancreatic bicarbonate output was closely correlated to plasma secretin concentrations (r = 0.631, p < 0.001). Amylase output also increased after plaunotol administration, but not in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.092, n.s.). These findings suggest strongly that the increase in pancreatic secretion of fluid and bicarbonate output was mainly due to increased endogenous secretin release resulting from plaunotol administration.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199903

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to clarify the effect of endotoxin on pancreatic lesions, changes in the level of activity of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured following the intraperitoneal administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin in mice. Microscopic examination revealed that congestion of zymogen granules in acinar cells appeared in the early stages. The accumulation increased gradually and was widespread at 24 h after E. Coli endotoxin administration. The serum amylase level increased significantly from its basal level of 1,630 ± 128 SU to 2,395 ± 42 SU at 4 h (p < 0.05), 3,172 ± 513 SU at 8 h (p < 0.05), and 2,572 ± 229 SU at 12 h (p < 0.05) after E. Coli endotoxin administration. The serum lipase level also increased significantly from its basal level of 37.6 ± 1.6 IU/1 to 65.8 ± 8.9 IU/1 at 12 h (p < 0.05). The level of trypsinogen in the pancreas increased markedly from its basal level of 161.8 ± 15.7 U/g tissue to 270.0 ± 9.6 U/g tissue at 2 h (p < 0.001) after E. Coli endotoxin administration and showed continued increases at 8 h (313.3 ± 10 U/gtissue, p < 0.001) and 24 h (352.9 ± 19.3 U/g tissue, p < 0.001); however, the level of net stimulated secretion of trypsinogen in the medium decreased significantly at 4 h (p < 0.05) and 8 h (p < 0.01) after E. Coli endotoxin administration. These results showed that the effect of endotoxin on the pancreas is a disturbance of the secretory function rather than an acceleration of synthesis in vivo. The concentration of chymotrypsinogen also increased significantly at 2 h (p < 0.001) and then continued to increase further. The amylase concentration did not significantly change until 8 h after the administration of E. Coli. The SOD activity was significantly decreased from the control level of 1.70 ± 0.27 U/100 mg tissue to 0.69 ± 0.06 U/100 mg tissue at 2 h (p < 0.01) after E. Coli administration but returned to normal levels thereafter. These findings suggest that endotoxin-induced pancreatic lesions are, irrespective of the putative etiological factor, precipitated by superoxide, which interferes with the normal discharge of zymogen granules from a

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199904

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma levels of canrenone and androgen receptor-active materials (ARM) were determined during long-term oral K-canrenoate or spironolactone therapy in cirrhotics with chronic recurrent ascites. Mean plasma canrenone level was approximately 3 times higher under K-canrenoate than under spironolactone treatment; moreover, the levels were not dose related. Either type of treatment did not affect plasma aldosterone and testosterone concentrations. Plasma ARM during K-canrenoate treatment did not change, whereas in the spironolactone group a 3-fold increase of ARM occurred (p 0.05). Our study questions the traditional view that the mode of action of spironolactone is via its metabolite canrenone. The two antialdosterone drugs, although equally effective in clearing ascites from cirrhotics, appear to act through partially different metabolites. The lower incidence of antiandrogenic or estrogen-like side effects during K-canrenoate seems to be related to metabolites other than canrenone itself.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199905

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Oxygen-drived free radical generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis, 10 with acute bacterial diarrhea and 20 healthy volunteers, was measured by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method by stimulation of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Oxidative free radical generating capacity of polymorphonuclear cells in patients with active ulcerative colitis was markedly enhanced as compared with control (p < 0.01), while this enhanced free radical production by the cells was not detected at remission stage. Serial analyses revealed that oxidative free radical production by the cells in patients with ulcerative colitis was markedly enhanced with clinical deterioration of the disease, but it returned to normal level with an improvement of clinical features. These results suggest that the increased oxidative free radical production by polymorphonuclear cells could be related to the pathogenesis or aggravation of ulcerative colitis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199906

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One hundred and eighteen missionaries working on 75 mission stations or hospitals in 24 sub-Saharan African countries provided information about their medical practice in the preceding year of 1981. Details were collected of the total number of patients seen and admitted during the year, and the number of cases of bloody diarrhoea, typhoid and inflammatory bowel disease. Over 1 million outpatients and about 190,000 inpatients were treated. These included 12,859 cases of bloody diarrhoea, of whom 1,914 had typhoid. Twenty-two cases of inflammatory bowel disease were also reported. Histological support was least available in West Africa and only 25% of hospitals had access to this facility. Nevertheless, the frequency with which inflammatory bowel disease was reported was very similar to that in South Africa. The differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa is difficult and limited by access to diagnostic facilities. It is likely to be some time before reliable estimates of the incidence and prevalance of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the rural African population can be mad

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199907

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger