摘要:

We studied the pancreatic secretory response to sham feeding alone or during secretin infusion with and without administration of atropine in 10 human subjects. The magnitude of the response to sham feeding was compared to the response to cholecystokinin octapeptide. Sham feeding alone did not significantly increase pancreatic bicarbonate or amylase secretion above basal values. During a background secretin infusion, there was a significant increase of bicarbonate and amylase output (p < 0.05) during sham feeding. The amylase response was approximately 50% of the maximal response to cholecystokinin octapeptide. In the tests with atropine and secretin, sham feeding still caused a significant increment in amylase and bicarbonate output. We conclude that (1) the pancreatic response to sham feeding is not clearly demonstrated without a background of secretin; (2) during secretin infusion sham feeding is a potent stimulant of pancreatic enzyme secretion, and (3) atropine had no significant effect on the pancreatic response to sham feeding under the conditions of this study.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198753

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study is to examine whether intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays a role in transporting lipoproteins to lymphatics during fat absorption. In control rats, the increased activity of IAP in intestinal lymph was observed parallel with the amount of absorbed linoleic acid. In colchicine-treated rats, lymphatic absorption of intraduodenally administered linoleic acid was decreased and administered lipid was transported slowly to lymphatics, mostly in the form of free fatty acid. However, the equal or slightly larger amount of output of IAP to lymphatics was observed in spite of the decrease in lipid absorption in colchicine-treated rats. Histochemically, prolonged activity of IAP in stroma and submucosal lymphatics was found in colchicine-treated rats fed with fat. These results suggest that microtubules are not involved in IAP transport into lymphatics, and these data do not necessarily rule out that IAP plays a role in lipoprotein transport.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198754

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Administration of the α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY g 5421), to rats together with a sucrose load results in a marked retardation of sucrose digestion. The carbohydrate content of the small intestine is dose dependently increased; the time needed for the absorption is doubled. In the large intestine significant amounts of carbohydrate can be found only after administration of high doses of acarbose (2–4 mg/kg p.o.). In oral sucrose and maltose loading tests the blood glucose increase is dose dependently reduced by acarbose (ED50, 1 or 12 mg/kg, respectively). In perfused jejunal loops of rats, acarbose inhibits the absorption of sucrose (4 g/l) and maltose (1 and 2g/l), the IC50 values being 3.2, 36, and 57 μg/ml, respectively. The data indicate that acarbose effectively inhibits sucrose digestion. It is 10–20 times less effective with maltose as a substrate. Slight malabsorption is induced by acarbose only in doses higher than the ED50<

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198755

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Endotoxemia, measured by Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, was found to be present in 34 (46%) out of 72 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 7 (22%) out of 32 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). In cirrhotics, no difference in the alteration of liver function tests and renal function was found between the two groups. However, 18 months mortality was higher in the group with endotoxemia in respect to the group without endotoxemia (p < 0.05). In CAH patients, the Limulus-positive group showed a higher level of serum γ-globulins, compared to the Limulus-negative group (p < 0.005). Moreover, CAH patients with a positive LAL test showed marked histological activity and bridging necrosis more frequently than those with a negative test. This suggests that in these patients the appearance of endotoxemia may indicate a more advanced stage of the disease

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198756

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An antitrophic effect of somatostatin on intestinal cell renewal could be expected as somatostatin inhibited the release of gastrin and growth hormone, both trophic hormones of the intestine. A chronopharmacological dependence, i.e. a change in the effects as a function of the schedule of injection, was suspected as jejunal cell renewal was characterized by a circadian rhythm of DNA synthesis and mitosis. This study was undertaken to control the inhibiting effect of somatostatin on jejunal cell renewal, to test the pharmacological dependence of the action of somatostatin and whether the antitrophic effect could be related with any change in gastrin secretion. The cell renewal observed by DNA labeling, the count of mitoses on jejunal autohistoradiographies and the plasma gastrin level, determined by radioimmunoassay, were documented in male Wistar rats fasted for 12 h, sacrificed every 4 h from 30 min to 24 ½ h after a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 μg/100 g of somatostatin (cyclic form; Serono). Somatostatin was injected either at 10.30 h near the minimum of DNA labeling and mitosis, or at 22.30 h near the peak of these variables. When injected in the morning, somatostatin decreased the mean number of labeled cells and mitotic figures and disturbed the rhythm. When injected in the evening, somatostatin suppressed the circadian variation of cell renewal without changing the mean level of the variables. Circadian parameters of the plasma gastrin level were modified by the fasting schedule, the mean level was lower and the acrophase was delayed when fasting began during the night but somatostatin administration did not change the gastrin level and its circadian variation. The inhibiting effect of somatostatin on cell renewal was characterized by a chronopharmacological dependence, and was not related to a decrease of the plasma level of gastri

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198757

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rat jejunal disaccharidases were measured after feeding high fat fibre-free, high fat pectin, high fat cellulose, high fat galactomannan and high fat tannin diets for 27 weeks. Compared with the high fat fibre-free diet, pectin lowered both lactase and sucrase levels (p < 0.025). Galactomannan and tannin lowered only the lactase level (p < 0.05), while cellulose had no significant effect on disaccharidase levels. These data suggest that dietary fibre components have individual and specific effects on jejunal disaccharidase levels, in the presence of a high fat diet.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198758

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells were isolated from normal and thioacetamide-injured rat livers, respectively. The cells were incubated in suspension cultures in the presence of [35S]-sulfate to study the synthesis of total and specific types of glycosaminoglycans. It is found that the production of total labeled glycosaminoglycans is stimulated about threefold in hepatocytes from liver injured for 2 days with a single intraperitoneal dose of thioacetamide (100 mg/kg b.w.) if compared to respective control cell incubations. Hepatocytes from rats injured for 2 months with thioacetamide also produced significantly more glycosaminoglycans than normal ones. In earlier stages of injury, i.e. 3 h after application of the drug, total glycosaminoglycan synthesis is depressed by about 40 %.The pattern of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by hepatocytes from preinjured livers is changed in comparison to that of normal cells. The portion of HNO2-susceptible glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate) decreases whereas that of chondroitin ABC-lyase digestible material (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate) increases. Thus, synthesis and secretion of the latter types of glycosaminoglycans in suspension cultures of hepatocytes from subacutely injured livers are about 3-fold elevated. This fact indicates the possible fibrogenic potency of hepatocytes. Nonparenchymal cell incubations from normal and injured livers, respectively, were unable to incorporate any significant amount of [35S]-sulfate into glycosaminoglycans.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198759

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Jejunal suction biopsies of 18 chronic alcoholics (alcohol intake of more than 100 g of ethanol per day for several years) and 10 nonalcoholic control subjects were analyzed quantitatively using the microdissection technique described by Clarke. Both groups were comparable concerning age, body weight and sex. The duration of alcohol withdrawal in the alcoholics before the biopsy was taken ranged from 2 to 7 days. The mean number of villi and surface per villus was slightly lower in the jejunum of the alcoholics. The mucosal surface per mm2 was significantly lower in the latter group when compared to the controls (p < 0.005). The ratio of the number of crypts per villi was increased in the alcoholics (p < 0.05). Histological evaluation revealed a more than twofold increase in the number of interepithelial mononuclear cells (p < 0.005), while the number of epithelial cells/100 μm of villous mucosa and the mean height of the epithelial cells were comparable in both groups

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198760

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a normal middle-aged population the basal serum gastrin concentration and gastric pH were determined. Persons with achlorhydria were excluded. In 550 nonachlorhydric persons the relation between basal gastric pH and serum gastrin was studied. Persons with a basal gastric pH higher than 6 had significantly higher basal serum gastrin concentrations.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198761

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From questioning 16,939 South African pupils of 16–18 years, in 56 high schools, mean prevalences of appendicectomies in representative segments of ethnic groups were found to be: rural Blacks 0.6%; urban Blacks 0.7%; Indians, 2.9%; Coloureds (Eur-African-Malay), 1.7%; Whites, 10.5%. Percentages in the sexes were similar. Only those of Indian and Coloured pupils appear to be increasing. Blacks and Whites, respectively, have high and low intakes of fibre-containing foods, which are negatively correlated with appendicectomy prevalences. However, although intakes of fibre-containing foods are slightly higher in Indians and Coloureds than in Whites, the former’s appendicectomy prevalences are lower than would be dietarily expec

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198762

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger