摘要:

The effects of vagal nerve stimulation in the neck and in the lower thorax were studied on L-leucine absorption in/the cat jejunum. Four series of in vivo experiments were performed in 26 cats using single pass perfusion technique with samples collected every 10 min and examined for their phenol red and radioactive L-leucine concentrations. The first two series acted as controls for the time it took to reach steady-state absorption and for the effects on L-leucine absorption of mechanical handling of the vagus nerve. In the third series, vagal stimulation in the neck (with a 20-second train of shocks at 7 Hz repeated every 10 min for either 16 or 4 stimulus sessions) resulted in a 3-fold increase in L-leucine absorption which was maintained throughout the stimulation period (up to 160 min). L-Leucine absorption started increasing within 10 min and peaked around 30–40 min after the initiation of stimulation and returned to control levels within 40 min after cessation of stimulation. In the fourth series, similar increases and returns to control L-leucine absorption levels were noted following vagal stimulation in the lower thorax (with a 20-min train of shocks at 7 Hz given for 3 sessions). The findings suggest a definite role of the vagus nerve in the control of leucine transport across the small intestin

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199400

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The occurrence and distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied in smooth-muscle specimens from the human lower esophageal sphincter region by immunocytochemistry and immunochemistry. Normal individuals and patients suffering from achalasia or hiatus hernia with severe gastroesophageal reflux were examined. NPY fibers were found within and around smooth-muscle bundles of the longitudinal and the circular muscle layers and within the myenteric ganglia. Smooth-muscle specimens from patients with hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux displayed numerous NPY fibers and an increased content of NPY. Specimens from patients with achalasia contained only few NPY fibers and had a decreased content of NPY as compared to specimens from control patients. Conceivably, NPY may play a role in the regulation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199401

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Induction of endotoxin tolerance may cause resistance not only to endotoxin itself but also to the hepatotoxic effects of other membrane-active agents. To further study this effect, we tested whether endotoxin tolerance could ameliorate the adverse effects of taurolithocholate (TLCA) which causes cholestasis by altering liver plasma membrane organization. Isolated perfused rat livers from endotoxin-tolerant rats had a lower basal bile flow than control livers. However, a bolus addition of TLCA at 3 × 10-5 or 5 × 10-5M in the perfusate caused a marked and prolonged decrease of bile flow in controls, but only a transient and significantly less pronounced diminution of bile flow in endotoxin-tolerant livers. Likewise, TLCA caused a significantly lower alteration of hepatocyte membrane permeability, as measured by sucrose permeability studies, in endotoxin-tolerant livers than in controls. Analysis of bile acid composition of bile from endotoxin-tolerant livers demonstrated that they excreted greater amounts of total bile acids, in particular TLCA and taurocholate, than controls. These results demonstrated a protective effect of endotoxin-tolerance against TLCA toxicity which may result from an altered interaction of TLCA with liver membranes and an increased clearance of TLC

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199402

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have used a placebo controlled trial to investigate the effect of long-term administration of nifedipine in the prevention of symptomatic episodes of oesophageal spasm. Diary card scoring was used to assess symptoms in 8 patients with oesophageal spasm who were each given nifedipine and placebo for at least 6 weeks. No significant differences in symptoms between the nifedipine and placebo treatment periods were seen.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199403

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The long-term effect of lithium treatment on the digestive and absorptive function has been investigated in male albino rats. The uptake of D-glucose, amino acids and activities of cellular and brush border enzymes were evaluated after every 3 months. Significantly increased uptake was observed in 6-month lithium-treated rats. The absorptive capacity (Vmax) for D-glucose increased significantly without alteration in the Michaelis constant. Activities of cellular, brush border membrane disaccharidase, leucine aminopeptidase and Na+, K+-ATPase enzymes were significantly augmented in 6-month lithium-treated animals. The elevation in sucrase activity may be due to induction of enzyme since only Vmax was increased in lithium-treated animals. The present biochemical alterations suggest that long-term lithium ingestion stimulates the small bowel digestive and absorptive functions.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199404

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Intravenous infusion of pentagastrin increases salivary secretion progressively at doses from 1 to 4 μg/kg body weight/h. Pentagastrin also stimulates salivary secretion of amylase. Simultaneous administration of somatostatin, at the dose that inhibits gastric secretion of pentagastrin-stimulated HCl, blocks the effect of pentagastrin on salivary flow, while it does not reduce the amylase concentration. The data suggest that different mechanisms underlie the effects exerted by pentagastrin on salivary flow and on the concentration of amylase in saliva

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199405

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid liver cyst was diagnosed in 6 patients presenting with obstructive jaundice. All patients underwent ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography prior to surgical drainage of the liver cyst. Hydatid debris were found in the common bile duct preoperatively in 3 patients, and postoperatively in an additional 3 patients. Accurate diagnosis was made in all patients based on combined duodenoscopic, cholangiographic and sonographic findings. It is concluded that the combination of ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can accurately detect intrabiliary rupture of hydatid liver cyst and that both techniques should be performed early in the investigation of suspected ruptured hydatid liver cyst.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199406

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect on gut motility of a single subcutaneous injection of 50 μg of the long-acting somatostatin analogue, SMS 201–995, was investigated in 8 normal volunteers who took a drink containing 99mTc and lactulose with a mixed meal. The rate of gastric emptying was assessed by disappearance of the isotope from the stomach area as measured by a gamma camera, and mouth-to-caecum transit time (MCTT) was measured by the appearance of hydrogen in the breath. Gastric emptying was accelerated, with a significant reduction of the time taken to 50% isotope disappearance (37.2 ± 3.3 min during control study vs 23.3 ± 3.4 min after SMS injection; p < 0.01). In contrast, MCTT was prolonged from 57.3 ± 9.4 min (control) to 203.6 ± 14.7 min after SMS (p <

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199407

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of the long-acting somatostatin analogue Sandostatin (SMS 201–995) on intestinal absorption and propagation (mouth-to-caecum transit time; MCTT), on pancreatic secretion and on gall bladder contraction after direct (secretin-pancreozymin test) and indirect stimulation (Lundh meal), and on meal-induced responses of seven gastrointestinal regulatory peptides has been investigated. In a double-blind cross-over study, 9 healthy volunteers completed two 7-day periods with subcutaneous injections of either placebo or 25 μg SMS 201–995 twice daily. Mean faecal fat excretion was increased to 19.2 g/ day and MCTT was three times longer during the SMS period. After duodenal infusion of a mixture containing D-galactose, D-xylose and triglycerides, SMS 201–995 significantly reduced the serum concentrations of D-galactose but increased serum levels of D-xylose. After 6 days of pretreatment, SMS 201–995 completely suppressed duodenal trypsin, lipase and bilirubin increases in response to endogenous stimulation by a Lundh meal. Concomitantly, cholecystokinin (CCK) release and gall bladder contraction were almost abolished. Compared with placebo, SMS 201–995 significantly diminished pancreatic amylase, trypsin and lipase output after stimulation with CCK, while the secretion of fluid and bicarbonate in response to secretin was unchanged. This inhibition of enzyme response was significantly more marked after a single injection of the analogue than after pretreatment for 7 days and did not reach the level of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. CCK-induced gall bladder contraction was significantly inhibited by a single dose of 25 μg SMS 201–995 but not after 7 days of pretreatment with the somatost

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000199408

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger