摘要:

Jejunal perfusion of normal subjects with increasing glucose concentrations saturated active transport at 100 mmol/l but passive transport continued at higher concentrations. The addition of 35 mmol/l maltose to 224 mmol/l glucose increased total glucose absorption by an amount (14%) consistent with increased passive transport. Sodium-free solutions produced a 24% decrease in glucose absorption from 56 mmol/l glucose and a 22% decrease from 28 mmol/l maltose, although the kinetic advantage of maltose was unaltered. Increased passive transport of glucose from a high concentration at the brush border during maltose hydrolysis accounts for the results without invoking a separate disaccharidase-linked sodium-independent transport mechanism.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198789

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A sensitive and precise radioimmunoassay has been developed. Cholecystokinin (CCK) was labeled by the Bolton-Hunter method. The antibody bound CCK8 and CCK33. The binding sites of the antibody are located by the sulfated tyrosil group in position 27 of the CCK molecule. Human duodenum tissue contains larger forms of CCK33 as well as CCK33 and CCK8.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198790

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The alpha-amylase activity has been determined in the leukocytes of patients with acute pancreatitis and of a control group. The leukocyte alpha-amylase activity was calculated in units per milligram protein. The activity of alpha-amylase in the leukocytes of patients with acute pancreatitis was threefold higher in comparison to the activity of this enzyme in leukocytes of the control group. We therefore suggest that alpha-amylase activity in the leukocytes may at least in part be responsible for the enhancement of total activity of alpha-amylase in plasma.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198791

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Reports on pancreatic enzyme secretion during acute pancreatitis are sparse and contradictory. In this study pancreatitis was induced by injection into the pancreatic ducts of sodiumtaurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) and trypsin, and the effect on secretory volume, protein, amylase and bicarbonate secretion was studied. In healthy rats the pancreatic secretion was stable throughout the experimental period. Induction of pancreatitis caused a marked reduction of both secretory volume and protein output of pancreatic juice. Exogenous hormonal stimulation by secretin, cerulein or a combination of both hormones did not affect volume or protein output. Also when measuring bile-pancreatic juice, pancreatitis caused a significant reduction of secretory volume and a gradual decrease of protein output. Amylase output was rapidly and markedly reduced, whereas bicarbonate output was unaffected by the induction of pancreatitis. Pancreatographic studies showed that the impaired secretion was rather a result of ductal and parenchymal injury than of ductal obstruction. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that pancreatic enzyme secretion is markedly reduced during acute experimental pancreatitis. The findings should be considered when evaluating present therapeutic measures and when searching for new ones in acute pancreatitis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198792

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Crosby capsule biopsies were obtained from functioning jejunum in 6 patients between 7 and 15 months after jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity and compared with 6 normal control biopsies. Brush border and other mucosal enzyme activities and seven regulatory peptide concentrations were measured in each biopsy. Analytical subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was used to investigate brush border and peptide secretory granule properties. Specific activities of all the brush border enzymes assayed in the bypass patients were similar to the normal controls and subcellular fractionation studies showed no change in brush border properties. Similarly, properties of other mucosal organelles and their associated enzyme activities were unchanged in the bypass patients. The mucosal regulatory peptide concentrations in the bypass patients showed no significant difference from the normal controls and no changes were detected in peptide storage granule properties. These studies therefore support the concept that the adaptive changes occurring after jejuno-ileal bypass are due to changes in cell numbers or other parameters of function rather than changes in the specific activities of the brush border enzymes themselves. They also show that the marked abnormalities of plasma hormone release after bypass surgery are not in themselves due to alterations in mucosal hormone concentrations, or of the secretory granule properties.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198793

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A case of pancreatic cholera (Verner-Morrison syndrome) associated with a pancreatic endocrine tumor and hepatic metastases is presented. VIP and HPP plasma levels, initially elevated, were accurately followed in various conditions: during corticosteroid therapy, after pancreatic tumor excision, during and after streptozotocin therapy (1.5 g/m2) by repeated intraarterial route). Only streptozotocin therapy resulted in a reduction of the stool volume with concomitant decrease in VIP plasma levels. However, the size of the hepatic metastases was unchanged and HPP plasma levels remained elevated. It is suggested that VIP represents the tumoral secretion and HPP a marker of the residual malignant tissue.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198794

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of upper small intestinal perfusion with iso-osmolar or hyperosmolar polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions on maximal gastric acid secretion stimulated by intravenous pentagastrin was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were provided with a chronic gastric fistula, a gastroenterostomy and a 4-cm duodenal loop anastomosed end-to-side to the jejunum. The oral end of the duodenal loop was closed and intubated for infusion of various solutions. Saline was infused in the control experiments, 2 ml h-1. In the test experiments, saline was replaced with PEG, 300, 900 or 1,200 mosm· kg-1. Duodenal perfusion with iso-osmolar PEG, 300 mosm·kg-1, did not alter maximal acid secretion. Duodenal perfusion with hyperosmolar PEG 900 or 1,200 mosm·kg-1 significantly inhibited the stimulated 2-hour acid output by 47 and 48% respectively (p < 0.01). Indomethacin, an inhibitor of the prostaglandin synthesis, did not alter the stimulated acid secretion, and the inhibitory influence on acid secretion of duodenal perfusion with PEG 1,200 mosm·kg-1 was not affected by the d

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198795

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The combined effect of vitamin A deficiency and aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) on the biphasic xenobiotic biotransformation status of the intestinal mucosa was studied in male weanling rats receiving vitamin A-deficient diet and AFB1 for 42 days. The findings indicate that the mucosal aminopyrine-N-demethylase and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase representing the mixed function oxidase activity is significantly increased in the gut by the end of 42 days. Of the phase II enzymes studied, UDP-glucuronyl transferase showed a significant decrease, while the glutathione S-transferases and mucosal glutathione showed significant increase. The observations suggest that in vitamin A deficiency, the intestinal xenobiotic metabolism is grossly altered and this effect appears to be further amplified in the concurrent AFB1 exposure.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198796

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pancreatic and gut hormones have been measured in 39 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 16 of whom had severe pancreatic insufficiency. Patients with pancreatic insufficiency had significantly diminished fasting levels and postprandial rises of pancreatic polypeptide which were less than 20% of normal. Patients with chronic pancreatitis, with or without exocrine insufficiency, had two- to threefold higher plasma levels of motilin and enteroglucagon than controls. Plasma levels of insulin, pancreatic glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and gastrin were similar to normal in these patients. The pattern of response of these hormones to a test breakfast differs markedly from those seen in other gut disease states and may reflect pathophysiological mechanisms.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198797

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000193304

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1918

数据来源: Karger