摘要:

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of varying doses of pirenzepine, a selective muscarinic subtype M1 antagonist, on the prevention of acute gastric mucosal lesions in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to spinal cord section at the C7 level. It was also intended to evaluate the effects of the drug on gastric acid output and gastric mucosal blood flow. Pirenzepine 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg every 2 h all caused a significant reduction in mean total ulcer length (p < 0.01) compared to controls. This was associated with a significant decrease in acid output (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect on gastric mucosa blood flow as measured by hydrogen gas clearance. These results indicate that the protective effects of pirenzepine on gastric mucosa, in the spinal rat model, are associated with the acid-inhibitory action of the drug and not on mucosal blood flow effects.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200720

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There is epidemiological evidence of an association between cigarette smoking and gastritis. To find out whether the reason for this might be related to the presence of Helicobacter pylori, biopsies were taken from the gastric corpus and antrum and from the duodenal bulb in 106 consecutive patients referred for oesophagogastroduodenoscopy because of epigastric pain. Patients with ulcer disease or cancer were excluded. The biopsy specimens were cultured for H. pylori and examined histologically for the presence and grade of gastritis and duodenitis. Thirty-five percent of the patients were H. pylori-positive and 57% had histological gastritis; 37% were cigarette smokers and among these, H. pylori was found significantly less frequently than in non-smokers (18 and 45%, respectively; 2p = 0.0083). Among patients colonized with H. pylori, gastritis was found in 89% compared to 39% in non-colonized patients (2p < 0.0001). In spite of this, 51 % of the smokers and 60% of the non-smokers (2p = 0.85) had histological gastritic mucosa. No differences in the severity of the gastritis or the duodenitis in patients with histologically positive findings could be seen when comparing smokers to non-smokers and H. pylori-positive to H. pylori-negative patients.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200721

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Whilst developing a rat model for studies of gastric protection, we noticed that the anaesthetic agent ‘Hypnorm’, containing the opiate fentanyl 0.315 mg/ml and the butyrophenone fluanisone 10 mg/ml, was itself protective against indomethacin-induced damage: unrestrained animals given indomethacin (20 mg/kg) subcutaneously had an ulcer score of 9 ± 1 mm2, compared with 1 ± 1 mm2 in animals pre-treated with Hypnorm (0.8 ml/kg) and then given indomethacin (p < 0.01). Further investigation showed this effect to be due to fentanyl-inhibiting gastric acid secretion: doses of fentanyl (90 and 180 μg/kg) which decreased indomethacin-induced damage also caused a rise in intragastric pH from 2.7 ± 0.6 in controls to 5.1 ± 0.8 and 5.0 ± 0.8, respectively. However, the response of fentanyl varied depending on the dose given: fentanyl, 3.6 μg/kg did not affect indomethacin-induced damage, 8 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 1 mm2; fentanyl, 18 μg/kg potentiated damage, 15 ± 4 mm2 (p < 0.05), whereas fentanyl, 90 μg/kg and 180 μg/kg decreased damage, 2 ± 1 mm2 and 0.1 ± 0.1 mm2, respectively (p < 0.01). Neither the butyrophenone haloperidol (8.3 mg/kg) nor the α-adrenergic receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (3 mg/kg) protected against indomethacin-induced damage. We conclude that fentanyl affects intragastric pH and can both potentiate and protect against indomethacin-induced damage. Furthermore, the potentiation of gastric damage by fentanyl occurred at doses similar to those used for human anesthesia, so clinical st

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200722

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pre-S antigens have been analyzed in the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection according to the expression pattern of HBV DNA in the liver. Pre-S1 and pre-S2 have been identified (1) in all viremic cases with free replicative forms of viral DNA irrespective of the simultaneous detection of integrated sequences; (2) in 2 out of 3 patients with only integrated HBV DNA, and (3) in 19 patients who lacked viral DNA sequences detectable in the host genome. The amounts of hepatitis B surface and pre-S antigens were significantly higher in high-viremic versus low-viremic patients and correlated with the hepatocellular expression of HBV DNA. Conversely, the pre-S-to-hepatitis B surface antigen ratios were lower in the presence of viral DNA sequences in the liver. In summary, detection and level of pre-S antigens are closely related to the hepatocellular expression of viral DNA and seem to reflect reliably different stages of the virus life cycle during the course of HBV infection.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200723

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several previous studies have shown that the plasma concentration of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is markedly increased in patients with hepatic encephalopathy, and it has been suggested that decreased metabolism of peripheral GABA might contribute to the cerebral dysfunctions observed. In the present study, plasma GABA-like activity was determined by a radioreceptor assay in 21 cirrhotic patients in whom, at least 2 months prior to the study, portocaval shunt surgery had been performed for treatment of recurrent variceal bleeding. Compared to 10 healthy volunteers, plasma GABA concentrations were increased in all cirrhotic patients, whereas most other amino acids, including those known to interfere with the GABA radioreceptor assay at elevated concentrations, were within the normal range. Despite an about 3- to 16-fold increase in individual GABA concentration, none of the patients showed clinical signs of overt hepatic encephalopathy on conventional neurologic (including EEG) and mental status examination. Furthermore, when a psychometric test system was used for evaluation of intellectual and psychomotor functions, all patients performed within the normal range and could not be distinguished from healthy volunteers. The data indicate that, at least in chronic liver disease, impaired metabolism of peripheral GABA does not lead to cerebral dysfunctions

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200724

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Most patients with symptomatic gallstones undergo cholecystectomy. Since smoking may influence gallstone formation by depressing postaglandin synthesis and mucus production in the gallbladder, we have examined smoking habits in a group of cholecystectomy patients. Two hundred and forty seven of 400 patients (62 %) responded to a comprehensive postal questionnaire with ‘buddy’ controls of the same age and sex. Patients and controls did not differ significantly in their age, weight, past medical history, drug usage or alcohol consumption. Female patients had had a mean of 2.4 (SD 1.8) pregnancies, female controls 2.0 (SD 1.5; p < 0.05, paired t test). Analysis of smoking habits in 178 female patients showed 32 % had smoked on average 18.4 cigarettes/day for a mean of 31 years whereas 52% of female controls had smoked 16.7 cigarettes/day for a mean of 37.0 years (p < 0.001, McNemar’s test for matched pairs). 39% of male patients smoked (21.7/day, 44.7 years) as compared to 61 % of male controls (23.1/day, 46 years; p < 0.01, McNemar’s test). The influence of number of cigarettes smoked, sex and weight were investigated by using a logistic regression. This showed evidence of a linear relationship between amount smoked and risk of gallstones (χ2 = 14.4, 1 d.f.p < 0.001). There was no evidence that the effect of smoking differed with age or weight. Symptomatic gallstones is predominantly a disease of non

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200725

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The results of studies of the effect of simethicone on abdominal gas-related symptoms have been contradictory. In a randomized, double-blind cross-over study, 10 healthy volunteers were given 30 g lactulose and 600 mg simethicone or placebo. End-expiratory breath samples were collected and analyzed for H2 and gastrointestinal symptoms registered. There were no differences in biochemical parameters or symptom score between simethicone and placebo. In contrast to previous studies, we used a sufficiently large dose of lactulose to produce gastrointestinal symptoms, a higher dose of simethicone and placebo tablets containing the same additives as the simethicone tablets. There was no demonstrable effect of simethicone on symptoms or intestinal gas production caused by carbohydrate malabsorption.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200726

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The course and outcome of acute type B hepatitis was analyzed in 30 heavy alcohol abusers. The course of the disease was very similar to that found among non-drinkers, the only difference being higher mean GGT activity and a higher frequency of hepatomegaly among alcoholics. All alcohol abusers cleared the infection in the space of 6 months. However, 2 months after admission, they were twice as likely to be HBsAg positive as controls. We conclude that alcohol abuse has little influence on the course and outcome of acute type B hepatitis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200727

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200728

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000200729

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger