摘要:

Rats were maintained 16 weeks on a well-balanced semisynthetic solid diet supplemented with ethanol which comprised 35% of total calories. A control group was pair-fed the same basic diet with sucrose replacing ethanol isocalorically. Striking changes in mucosal morphology and mitotic index were observed in the jejunum and ileum of ethanol-fed rats in comparison to pair-fed controls. Furthermore, it is significant that these changes were more pronounced in the ileum than in the jejunum. Since ethanol is almost completely absorbed in the stomach and upper intestine, under the conditions of this study, we propose that, apart from a possible topical toxic effect of ethanol, there appear to be other separate possible causes of the extensive small intestinal changes found in ethanol-fed rats. The first is that the changes are due to injurious effects of blood-borne ethanol; secondly, the changes could be a functional adaptation due to altered luminal nutrition as a consequence of the introduction of ethanol in the diet.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198372

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

D-Galactosamine administration to rats (400mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection induced biochemical alterations in liver plasma membranes. Alterations were studied 4, 16 and 24 h after D-galactosamine injection. Plasma membrane 5’-mononucleotidase activity decreased to 40% of control values. Carbohydrate composition was significantly changed. After 24 h D-galactosamine administration, the diminution in plasma membrane sialic acids and hexoses reached 30% of control values. As detected by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, high molecular weight glycoproteins of D-galactosamine-treated plasma membranes were modified. Moreover, the incorporation of [35S]-sulfate into membrane glycoproteins decreased after D-galactosamine administration (40–60% of control). The present results show that biochemical alterations in rat liver plasma membranes appear soon after D-galactosamine injection. Marked changes are observed in cell surface glycoproteins, especially in sialoglycoproteins and sulfated glycoprote

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198373

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The gestational time of appearance of gastrin and somatostatin in the human fetal stomach, duodenum and pancreas was examined. Immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) is detected in antral, duodenal and pancreatic extracts of a 7.0-cm (crown-heel length) fetus. More IRG is extracted from the duodenum than the antrum. Duodenal IRG concentrations from fetuses of 16.0–26.0 cm are higher than younger fetal and adult concentrations. Antral IRG concentrations are one tenth of the adult contents. Very small IRG concentrations are present in the human fetal pancreas. Gastrin immunohistochemical staining is positive first in duodenal (6.5-cm fetus) and later in antral (12.5-cm fetus) mucosa; pancreatic tissue is negative for gastrin immunohistochemistry. Type IV cells are encountered in antral and duodenal mucosa of 4.0-cm fetuses; other endocrine cells appear with fetal growth. Not until much later in gestation (21.0 cm) do typical G cells appear. These results suggest that early in fetal life gastrin is produced by the type IV cell. Somatostatin immunohistochemical staining is positive in stomach, duodenum and pancreas in 6.5-cm fetuses. Immature D cells are found in antral and duodenal mucosa of 5.0-cm fetuses and mature D cells in 11.0-cm fetuse

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198374

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous studies have shown that pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion is regulated by efferent, vagal stimulation. In the present study the afferent part of a vagovagal pathway has been investigated in two different ways: (I) Graded fundic distention: in 8 patients with duodenal ulcer ballon distention with 150 ml of the fundus and the body of the stomach increased PP concentrations in plasma from 19 (17–26) to 41 (35–48) pmol/l, median and interquartile range. Distention by 300 and 600 ml did not further increase PP concentrations. After denervation of the fundus by proximal gastric vagotomy, no increase in PP levels was observed during distention with 50 and 300 ml whereas distention by 600 ml was followed by a small increase. (II) Graded antral distention: balloon distention with 50, 100 and 150 ml of the antrum increased plasma PP concentrations in 7 healthy subjects and 14 duodenal ulcer patients. Maximal PP response was achieved by distention with 100 ml, healthy subjects: from 14 (12–23) to 40 (26–44) pmol/l, and duodenal ulcer patients: from 25 (13–38) to 47 (22–63) pmol/l, median and interquartile range. It is concluded that a gastropancreatic reflex stimulating PP secretion through a long vagovagal pathway is present in man, and that this mechanism probably is involved in the initial PP response du

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198375

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The inhibitory effects of intravenous infusions of secretin, glucagon and caerulein on the gastric acid response to bombesin were studied in 8 duodenal ulcer patients. Bombesin was found to be a very potent stimulator of gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. There were no significant differences in acid outputs per 15-min period between bombesin infused in a dose of 0.9 μg/kg/h and pentagastrin infusion administered in a maximal dose, at a rate of 6.0μg/kg/h. Secretin (1 U/kg/h), glucagon (30μg/kg/h) and caerulein (0.1μg/kg/h) produced significant decreases in gastric acid secretion evoked by bombesin given in a dose of 0.9 μg/kg/h. Percentages of inhibition were 48.6, 45.2 and 35.5, respectively. It is supposed that secretin and glucagon given in pharmacological doses are capable of interfering with the action of gastrin released from antrum by means of bombesin on the parietal cell by noncompetitive kinetics. Caerulein administered in a pharmacological dosis, however, can inhibit the effect of gastrin released by bombesin on the parietal cells by a competitive kin

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198377

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acute effect of bile deprivation on colonic epithelial cell proliferation in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated and compared with its effect on jejunum and ileum. 2 days after the creation of bile fistula, tritiated thymidine was injected and animals sacrificed 1 and 24 h later. Compared with control untreated animals, sham-operated restrained rats had a reduced labeling and mitotic index of the colonic epithelial cell population as well as a slower migration of cells to the lumen. Colonic cell proliferation in animals deprived of bile flow was reduced a further 50%. Moreover, no evidence of cell migration or appreciable decline in grain density was seen over 24 h in bile fistula rats. Alterations in cell proliferation in both sham and bile fistula treated rats became less marked as one proceeded proximally to the small bowel. Therefore, significant alterations in cell kinetics result when normal bile flow is interrupted, suggesting its importance in the regulatory control of colonic cell proliferation.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198379

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The development of a hepatic adenoma is described in a young female of reproductive age who had documented portasystemic shunting and hyperestrogenemia. The intrinsic hyperestrogenemia and the increased hepatic arterial blood flow, both of which occurred as a result of the portasystemic shunting secondary to portal venous obstruction, may have been important factors in the development of her hepatic tumor. We would postulate that prolonged endogenous hyperestrogenemia, like exogenous sex steroids, may predispose to hepatic adenoma formation.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198381

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of an elemental diet (Vivonex) together with a gluten-free diet on the absorption of water, sodium and chloride in the jejunum was studied in 4 patients with untreated adult coeliac disease before and after a 1-month course of therapy. The morphology of the jejunum was also studied by jejunal biopsy taken at the same time as the intestinal perfusion. The results were compared with those obtained in 4 patients with adult coeliac disease treated with a gluten-free diet alone. No marked improvement was noted in the transportation of water, sodium and chloride after either treatment with Vivonex and a gluten-free diet or after a gluten-free diet alone, and no marked histological changes were found. Clinical improvement occurred in both groups of patients, in that the diarrhoea improved in all patients and they generally felt better. There appears to be no additional advantage of using an elemental diet with a gluten-free diet in the initial management of adult coeliac disease.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198383

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of salbutamol and cimetidine, alone and in combination, on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion have been studied in conscious dogs with gastric fistulae. Salbutamol 24nmol/kg·h alone and cimetidine 4μmol/kg·h alone inhibited acid by up to 69%, cimetidine 8 μmol/kg·h produced up to 87% inhibition and the combination of cimetidine 4 μmol/kg·h and salbutamol 24 nmol/kg·h almost totally inhibited acid (up to 99%). The pharmacokinetics of these inhibitions were studied and salbutamol and/or cimetidine caused a complex uncompetitive inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid. The inhibitory combination of the two drugs was a

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198385

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 4 siblings, of whom 2 had symptoms of Wilson’s disease, electron microscopy showed that the number and size of lysosomes in the enterocytes were increased compared with controls. Electron-dense aggregates, observed near the lysosomes in the 2 symptomatic patients and 1 other sibling, were shown, by means of a microanalytical method, to contain copper. These findings could suggest a possible role of the small intestine in Wilson’s dise

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198388

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger