摘要:

Neuropsychological dysfunction may precede, occur simultaneously with, or follow the icteric phase of viral hepatitis. Encephalitic and meningitic involvement appears to precede the onset of clinical hepatitis while the tremor syndrome usually follows the onset of illness. The Guillain-Barré syndrome, peripheral nerve disorders, and behavioral abnormalities may occur at any stage of the disease. Neuropsychological alterations noted during the prodrome of viral hepatitis usually clear without sequelae but abnormalities which follow the onset of jaundice may persist during the convalescent phase for prolonged periods. Neither occurrence, type, nor severity of neuropsychological dysfunction appear to be related to specific hepatitis viruses since both type B and non-B infections have been implicated. Furthermore, neuropsychological dysfunction does not appear to be related to the severity of the hepatitis as assessed by clinical or histological features. Although direct viral invasion of nervous tissue and immune complex-mediated damage have been postulated, the mechanism(s) of neuropsychological abnormalities remains to be determined

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198394

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic study was carried out on the rat exocrine pancreas 6–96 h after a single allyl alcohol intake. Histologically, acidophilia, necrosis and vacuolation of the pancreatic acinar cells were observed. Histochemically, a low but evident alcohol dehydrogenase activity could focally be demonstrated in the pancreatic acinar cell cytoplasm of the experimental and control rats. By electron microscopy, cytoplasmic lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration and necrosis were found in the acinar cells. Focal cytoplasmic degradation and vacuolation were seen in acinar, centroacinar and ductular cells of the pancreas. The findings are regarded as the consequence of the toxic action of acrolein that originates after allyl alcohol oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase. Analogies between the liver and the pancreas in their response to acute allyl alcohol and chronic ethanol intake are discusse

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198395

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Transmucosal movements of water and electrolytes were measured in male Wistar rats, using the intestinal perfusion technique after a single intramuscular injection of 40 mg/kg BW of 5-fluorouracil. These movements were studied, daily during 6 days after the injection, in relation to the histological study of mucosa. The results (1) may explain the diarrhoea observed in patients treated with this antimitotic agent; (2) suggest the existence of a secretion in crypts, followed by an incomplete reabsorption by villi; the secretion of crypts or the villus reabsorption are alternatively the driving factor depending on the reciprocal size of villi and crypts.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198396

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (CAm/Ccr), urinary protein concentration and urinary protein pattern were studied in 102 samples from 27 patients with acute pancreatitis and in 46 controls. Raised CAm /Ccr, proteinuria and a tubular protein pattern were present in 74, 56 and 96% of the patients, respectively. However, CAm/CCr and proteinuria and CAm/CCr and tubular protein pattern were not correlated. These results do not support the suggestion that an elevated CAm/CCr in acute pancreatitis is due to generalized tubular protein reabsorption failure presenting with tubular proteinuria.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198397

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A number of parameters of ano-rectal function were measured in 10 patients with adult megacolon and the values compared to those in an age- and sex-matched group of normal volunteers. The absence of inhibition of force in the anal canal on rectal distention in patients with adult Hirschspung’s disease was the most constant finding although a group of patients were shown to have high resting anal canal pressures resulting in megacolon. No constant sensory or myoelectrical abnormality was apparent within the anal canal. However, an unusual electrical rhythm was noted from the rectum in 1 patient with adult Hirschsprung’s dise

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198398

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In man and in rat, the diabetic state is associated with diseases of exocrine pancreatic function. In this work, streptozotocin diabetes was shown to lead to a 95% decrease in the amylase to lipase ratio in rats. Diabetes was reversed by either pancreas transplantation or insulin treatment. Transplantation of neonatal pancreases was successful in reversing the diabetic-induced alterations of exocrine pancreatic function. To assess whether insulin acts directly on the exocrine pancreas, or through the enhancement of glucose utilization, animals were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet during insulin treatment; this latter diet is well known to impair insulin’s effect on glucose metabolism. When diabetic rats were fed a low-fat diet, insulin treatment was able to correct the hyperketonemia and to reverse the amylase to lipase ratio to the prediabetes level. In contrast, the insulin treatment failed to restore the amylase to lipase ratio when the diabetic rats were fed the high-fat diet. Despite insulin treatment, the hyperketonemia worsened implying that glucose utilization remained low as would be expected on a high-fat diet. The dependence of the insulin effect upon diet composition demonstrates that the rate of glucose metabolism is the primary factor in the regulation of amylase to lipase rati

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198399

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The uptake and metabolism of long chain fatty acids in isolated mucosal cells from chicken small intestine are studied. The viability of the isolated enterocytes is proven by linear oxygen consumption, C02 and lactate formation from glucose and the active transport of glucose. The transport of palmitic and oleic acid is mediated by passive diffusion. This is demonstrated by the following results: (1) no saturation kinetics in the concentration range of 0.1 -10.0 mM; (2) no competitive inhibition of the uptake by structurally related compounds; (3) no influence of 2,4-DNP and cyanide of the uptake; (4) the uptake is independent of sodium ions. Uptake rates of palmitic and oleic acid from suspensions are significantly higher than from the corresponding fatty acid-bovine serum albumin complexes. In both cases the uptake of palmitic acid proceeds faster than the uptake of oleic acid. Palmitic acid is oxidized to C02 and incorporated into glycerides by enterocytes. Glucose serves as a glyceride-glycerol precursor. Its addition decreases the oxidation of the fatty acids and enhances glyceride synthesis markedly. Free glycerol is phosphorylated by enterocytes and can also serve as a glyceride-glycerol precursor.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198400

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Esophageal autopsy specimens from 11 subjects were used to determine observer variation and sampling error in assessing alterations attributed to gastroesophageal reflux. Inter-and intraobserver variation exceeded 20% even when the diagnosis was limited to a normal and abnormal reading. Marked differences in basal cell thickness but not in papillary height occurred when specimens were obtained from different levels of the lower esophagus. The differences were less marked in specimens obtained from the same level. Based on these data the reliability of basal cell thickness and papillary height as an index of gastroesophageal reflux appears limited.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198401

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Bile salts have been shown to act on lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in vitro to induce a false-negative electrophoretic test. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum LP-X and serum bile acids in patients with cholestasis. The in vitro concentration of bile salts required to induce a negative or reduced concentration of LP-X was also studied. There was no relationship, either positive or negative, between serum LP-X and bile acids in 34 patients with cholestasis. Serum was incubated with various saline solutions of taurocholic, lithocholic, deoxycholic and glycocholic acids. The concentration of LP-X decreased only after the final concentrations of bile salts were over 2,000 µmol/l. This is more than five times the concentration of serum bile salts usually found in patients with cholestasis. It is concluded that the negative LP-X test in some patients with cholestasis must be explained by some other mechanisms than bile salts

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198402

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a case of reversible paracetamol intoxication ultrastructural changes were correlated to changes in tests of microsomal and cytosolic liver function: the prothrombin index (PP) and the galactose elimination capacity (GEC), respectively. The decrease in the PP was at maximum after 2 days and in the GEC after 5 days, when the PP was normalized. Liver biopsies were taken after 1 and 5 days. Electron microscopy of the early biopsy revealed midzonal increased vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), detachment of ribosomes, and centrilobular mitochondrial injury. The late biopsy exhibited midzonal organelle-depleted areas with pale glycogen rosettes, perinuclear proliferating granulated ER, and centrilobular frank necrosis. These observations are in accordance with the concept that paracetamol-induced hepatocellular injury is due to damage to the membranes of the ER and indicate that the chronological dissociation of the liver function tests reflects the time sequence of the structural changes.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198403

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger