摘要:

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a highly basic octacosapeptide isolated from porcine small intestine. VIP was originally considered to be a gut hormone, but radioimmunochemical and immunohistochemical studies have revealed that VIP has a widespread distribution localized in neurons. VIP-containing neurons are present in the central nervous system including the cerebral arteries, the digestive tract, the genitourinary tract and the adrenal glands. In the nerve terminals VIP is localized in synaptic vesicles. VIP fulfils a number of criteria to be a neurotransmitter both in central and peripheral nerves. Whilst the role of VIP in the central nervous system is unknown, it is likely that VIP is the mediator of gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions, which are controlled by non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve fibres.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198339

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of somatostatin on gastric evacuation, small bowel propulsion and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of calcium was studied in conscious rats. Nonabsorbable 125I-PVP was deposited in the stomach or in the duodenum and the distribution of the radioactivity along the excised GI specimen was recorded after 15 min. 47Ca in chloride form was administered simultaneously and the amount of radioactivity remaining in the GI specimen at sacrifice could easily be measured. Intravenous infusion of synthetic somatostatin (50 μg·kg-1·h-1), which resulted in a manifest although not extreme hypersomatostatinemia had no effect either on gastric evacuation, small bowel propulsion or GI absorption of calcium. The findings do not indicate that somatostatin has a direct effect on GI motility or absorption of calci

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198340

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis were sensitised by peritoneal injection of ovalbumin mixed with aluminium hydroxide. The animals developed homocytotropic IgE and IgG 1 antibodies. When presensitised animals were challenged with ovalbumin in the gastric wall, a gastric ulcer appeared. This ulceration, induced by an immunological release of histamine, could be inhibited by the administration of disodium cromoglycate. The present model is useful for producing a gastric ulcer in a determined site. It supports the theory of a possible allergic component in the pathogenesis of the human disease.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198341

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study on the diagnostic value of the parotid and mixed saliva assay after stimulation with 1% pilocarpine hydrochloride was carried out in 36 controls and 26 patients affected with chronic pancreatitis. No statistical difference between the two groups was found as far as saliva volume, bicarbonate and amylase (concentration and output) are concerned. No correlation was found between the results of the saliva test and those of the secretin-pancreozymin test or endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. These data excluded any diagnostic role of the saliva test in chronic pancreatitis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198342

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A comparison has been made of the plasma clearances of the anionic dye analogues, tetrabromsulphthalein (BSP) and dibromsulphthalein (dBSP), analysed by means of a two-compartmental model. In the normal conscious dog all three transport rate constants and initial and steady state plasma clearances were greater with dBSP than BSP. On the other hand the equivalent liver volume (ELV) and storage capacity were lower with dBSP. In patients with various hepatic disorders dBSP values were greater than those obtained with BSP apart from rate constant b (liver to plasma). Patients with advanced liver impairment in general exhibited lower hepatic uptake, clearance and storage of both dyes compared to patients with mild forms of liver disease. The ratio of ELV values for BSP and dBSP appeared to be related to overall hepatic function, with ratios greater than 1 in the normal dogs and less than 1 in the patients.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198343

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

6 patients with Crohn’s disease for 1-14 years have been treated with plasmapheresis for periods of up to 6 months. The symptoms of the one newly diagnosed patient were controlled by plasmapheresis alone, and 5 steroid-dependent patients were able to reduce their steroid requirements. During the study period, 13 clinical relapses were managed without increasing steroid dosage. There was evidence of circulating soluble immune complexes in all the patients and these levels were lowered by plasmapheresis. A possible role of plasmapheresis in the management of Crohn’s disease is discus

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198344

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study was undertaken to elucidate the etiology of HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis. From 37 individuals with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis, 11 had liver membrane auto-antibody (LMA) and were thus classified as autoimmune. 6 patients had anti-HBc, 1 of which was also positive for LMA. The majority of individuals with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis had antibodies to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HAV), in general at low titer. We conclude from our data that hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections are unlikely to play a significant role in inducing or maintaining HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis. The etiological role of non-A non-B hepatitis agent(s) is difficult to estimate and must await the detection of appropriate markers for type non-A non-B hepatitis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198345

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using a radioisotope technique, gastric emptying of a solid meal was measured in 10 pre-operative duodenal ulcer (DU) patients, 10 post-operative truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV+P), and 8 post-operative truncal vagotomy and pyloric stretch (TV+S) patients. Results show that after the first 20 min, although gastric emptying after TV+S shows a tendency to reduction in rate compared with TV+P, the difference never reaches statistical significance (p > 0.01). When compared with control DU patients, the TV+S group again exhibits a statistically insignificant (p > 0.10) tendency to reduction in rate after the first 20 min, whereas the TV+P group shows no such tendency. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the use of a pyloric ring stretch as an alternative to pyloroplasty.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198346

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The jejunal absorption of either an elemental solution (amino acids, glucose and glucose oligosaccharides), or of nonelemental diet (chicken meat, egg-yolk powder, soya flour, glucose, saccharose, maltose and dextrin maltose, corn and wheat oils) were compared in 25 healthy subjects by the technique of intestinal perfusion with a three-lumen tube. The test solutions were perfused just beyond the ligament of Treitz. The samples were collected 35, 70 and 105 cm below the infusion point. The nitrogen load, in the form of amino acids, did not increase the absorption efficiency. The rate of lipid digestion absorption is high. In a small segment of jejunum, the absorption increased the nutritional imbalance of the elemental diet 1 m below the infusion point, the flow rate in the lumen was similar for the two solutions and higher than the initial flow rate; the absorption, in terms of calories, is similar for the two solutions.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198347

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

From history-taking and from analysis of plasma salicylate levels it is shown that a link exists between aspirin and gastrointestinal bleeding in 68% of cases. Salicylate levels alone indicate that aspirin has been taken in 22% of cases. Plasma salicylate measurement and endoscopy allow a better understanding of haemorrhagic lesions due to aspirin. Aspirin is responsible especially for haemorrhage from ulcers and acute gastritis or duodenitis. Aspirin is seen to be dangerous in a moderate number of susceptible individuals: those with peptic ulcer constitution or cirrhosis.

ISSN:0012-2823    

DOI:10.1159/000198348

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger