摘要:

AbstractSince antiserum raised against the S 100 protein has an impairing effect on acquisition in behavioral tests, when interacting with S 100 on hippocampal cells, the effect of S 100 antiserum was studied in rats on the S 100 content of the hippocampus and thalamus, as well as on behavior. The operant reversal of handedness test and a light discrimination test were used. S 100 antiserum, 2 × 30 μl, was injected intraventricularly before and during the sessions of two different learning tests. The S 100 protein was determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. In the antiserum‐injected animals, the levels of S 100 protein was increased by up to 30%, the incorporation values of3H‐valine increased in proteins of high molecular weight. Further acquisition was inhibited compared to controls, in which antiserum absorbed with pure S 100 protein was injected intraventricularly. The stimulation of S 100 synthesis, probably by the glia, may have occurred by a negative feedback effect, as has been observed in thymo

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe time course of the [K+]eincrease elicited by terminal anoxia or by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was compared in various parts of the rat brain. The [K+]ewas measured with ion‐selective microelectrodes stereotaxically introduced into the target area. Respiration arrest induced in anesthetized rats a slow [K+]eincrease to about 6–10 mMfollowed by an abrupt rise to 30–50 mM(doubling time 5–14 sec) in the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. In the reticular formation, zona incerta, and lateral hypothalamus the second phase of [K+]eincrease was much slower (doubling time 30–50 sec) and lacked the autoregenerative character. Trans‐pinnate ECS (50 Hz, 0.5 sec, 80 mA), administered to rats immobilized with gallamine triethiodide, elicited a generalized [K+]eincrease of the spreading depression type in neocortex and hippocampus (40 mM) as well as in the caudate nucleus and thalamus (20–30 mM), followed by slow [K+]edecrease (half‐time 40–60 sec). Much lower ECS‐induced [K+]eincrease (to 5–6 mM) was observed in the reticular formation, zona incerta, lateral hypothalamus and, surprisingly, in the amygdala. It is concluded that the autoregenerative [K+]erelease of spreading depression type develops in structures with high density of membranes reacting to partial depolarization by increase

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe glomerular organization of the hemideutocerebrum is analyzed quantitatively, using only spatial position, in four individuals (eight hDTCs) after a visual identification of glomeruli on graphic reconstructions. In order to assess directly the invariance of the neuropil in an insect brain the following is done: (1) The position of each glomerulus is compared to the position A′ it should occupy if the hDTCs were identical. It is shown that in 80 and 71% of the cases, respectively, intra‐ and interindividual comparisons in the studied glomerulus is the nearest to A′. (2) The actual position is equally compared to the theoretical location A″ each glomerulus should occupy if its absolute position could be changed but not its relative position with respect to its neighbors. The calculation of A″ is based on process (3). In 86 and 80% of the cases, respectively, it is found that the actual position is that which is nearest to A″. (3) An automated identification process, based on absolute and relative locations, but completely independent of visual identification, is described. It allows the identification of 77 and 74% of glomeruli, respectively. These matchings are in 96 and 90% of the cases identical to the visual matchings. The location predictability of most glomeruli is discussed to show the existence, nature, and limits of the hemideutocerebral

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInhibitory neurons innervating the muscle receptor organ (MRO) of crayfish were used to study the uptake and release of tritiated GABA. MROs that have been directly exposed to3H GABA for 60–75 min release radioactivity during low‐frequency electrical stimulation. When ganglia containing the inhibitory cell bodies are exposed to3H GABA, the isotope travels along a pathway unique to the inhibitory axon, at rates that range between 160 and 240 mm per day. Electrical stimulation of inhibitory axons whose cell bodies have been exposed to3H GABA for 4–5 hr produces release of isotope from isolated MROs. Low calcium, high magnesium exposure prevents the stimulus‐dependent release of radioactivity. Thin layer chromatographic analyses indicate that GABA comprises at least a major fraction of the radioactivity collected from stimulated preparations. A number of unidentified radioactive compounds are usually present with GABA, and it is suggested that most of these are catabolites

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract3H‐naloxone specific binding was carried out on synaptosomal membranes isolated from basal ganglia of the cat brain. A high‐ and a low‐affinity site withKd1= 3.7 nMandKd2= 35 nMhavingBmax 1= 79 pmole/g protein andBmax 2= 224 pmole/g protein were found. The Hill number for the high‐ and low‐affinity sites were, respectively, 1.01 and 0.86. Digitonin and Triton X‐100 had an inhibitory effect on the binding at concentrations between 10−5and 10−1% (w/v). Deoxycholate and Nonidet P‐40 also inhibited the binding of3H‐nal‐oxone, but at 10−4% produced a 50% enhancement. After the binding to membranes, the3H‐naloxone receptor complex is stable to the action of Triton X‐100 and dissociates slowly. In membranes bound with 10 nM3H‐naloxone and then submitted to 0.1‐0.2% Triton X‐100, in which only the presynaptic membrane disintegrates, the specific radioactivity is decreased. With a more drastic treatment that disintegrates the postsynaptic membrane, the3H‐naloxone binding to synaptosomal membranes is almost completely abolished. These results suggest that opiate receptors may be localized both pre‐ and

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine excitatory motor neurons have been identified as innervating the locust metathoracic flexor tibiae. The anatomical organization of the flexor motor neurons within the ganglion was examined with both light and electron microscopy. Flexor motor neurons were physiologically identified prior to intracellular staining with Procion or cobalt. Some of the cobalt‐stained neurons were then silver intensified. The reliability of soma location and variability of neurite branching were examined. While the position of a soma could vary within its cluster by up to one radius, the anterior, posterior, and lateral soma clusters bore a consistent relationship to each other. The density of neurite branching varied greatly for any particular flexor. The ultrastructure of the tract containing the flexor neurites revealed the individual neurites to be glial wrapped, while the tract itself was isolated from the neuropil by additional glia. The hypothesis that subsets of the flexor motor neuron pool are recruited for different behaviors is discussed in light of the last two finding

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synaptic relations of the giant vertical cells in the lobula plate of the fly were investigated using electron microscopical procedures and Lucifer yellow dye backfill and injection techniques. Histological features of the giant vertical cells are described. The giant vertical cells are exclusively postsynaptic in the lobula plate. They function to integrate input from dense arrays of chemical synapses and have a wide spatial input from the lobula plate. The giant vertical cells are postsynaptic to perpendicularly occurring cells. There are two classes of cells presynaptic to the vertical cells, one of which contains large dense‐core vesicles. The giant vertical cells are not the only cells postsynaptic to these two classes of perpendicualr cells. A second group of smaller tangential cells, the twin vertical cells, were also found postsynaptic to many of the same cells that synapsed with the giant vertical cells. The twin vertical cells and the giant vertical cells are therefore integrating some of the same information in the lobula plat

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe neurosecretory system of the giant garden slugLimax maximuswas studied using the alcian blue/alcian yellow (AB/AY) staining technique for neurosecretion. Stainable cells could be identified in the paired cerebral, pleural, parietal, and buccal ganglia, and in the visceral ganglion. The cells occur as single cells or in groups of up to 100, with diameters ranging between 10 and 70 μm. Axon tracts could only be traced for a small number of cells; neurohemal areas were not conclusively identified. The morphological similarities of the neurosecretory system ofL. maximusis compared with that of other investigated stylommatophoran slugs

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480120311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY