摘要:

AbstractSerotonin‐like immunoreactivity was mapped in the central nervous system (CNS) of the cockroach,Periplaneta americana. Immunoreactive staining occured in every ganglion of the CNS. The largest numbers of immunoreactive somata were detected in the optic lobes and the brain, and lowest numbers in the first and second toracic ganglia. Dense stained fibers, ramifications, and varicosities were found in all ganglia, and numerous axon like processes occurred in all interganglionic connectives. Immunoreactive processes were not, however, detected in most of the peripherally projecting nerve roots. Processes were found only in roots of the suboesophageal ganglion and the tritocerebral lobes of the brain. A comparison of the map for serotonin immunoreactivity with one generated for the pentapeptide transmitter proctolin suggests that the two systems overlap only in the suboesophageal ganglion and the tritocerebrum. The amine and peptide may co‐occur in neurons in these regions. The serotonin immunoreactive system appeared significantly different from the octopaminergic system of the ventral nerve cord. Seventy‐two potentially identifiable immunoreactive cells were located in the cockroach CNS. Some of these may be suitable for physiological study of the functional role of sero

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability of dopamine to modulate gill contractions was tested inAplysia. When dopamine was perfused through the gill vasculature, gill contractions caused by siphon stimulation (gill withdrawal reflex) and by depolarization of the gill motor neuron L7 were increased in amplitude, as compared with those evoked during seawater perfusion. Habituation of gill movements, brought about by repetitive stimulation of the siphon or of L7, was prevented by dopamine. Despite the absence of reflex habituation, the number of action potentials in central gill motor neurons, evoked by siphon stimulation, showed normal decrement. Dopamine's effects were blocked when the ctenidial nerve was cut or when L7 hyperpolarized. These data suggest that dopamine acts peripherally to increase the efficacy of L7's synpatic transmission onto gill muscle or elements of the gill neural plexus.

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe capability for conditioning of leg position, using loud sound as an aversive natural reinforcement, was examined in a primitive New Zealand insect, the weta (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Electromyographic recordings were made during the conditioning. A majority of wetas tested came to occupy stably a metathoracic tibial position window, coupled to turning off the sound, set in either flexion or extension away from the preferred rest position. Steady tensions of up to 7 g in extension and 5 g in flexion were produced. However, no electromyographic activity accompanied the tension. It is concluded that the insects are using a peripheral catchlike mechanism to adjust posture.

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSustained steady contractural or catchlike tension (CT) occurs in the metathoracic extensor tibiae muscle of the primitive insect the weta (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) during its characteristic leg‐extension defense behavior or following leg‐position conditioning. Similar action occurs occasionally in semi‐intact preparations and is abruptly turned off by a single peripheral inhibitory impulse. These phenomena were reproduced routinely by first infusing saline containing 10−8M(or stronger) octopamine into the muscle for 12 min, and then stimulating the slow excitatory motor neuron SETi with a brief burst. Direct stimulation of the dorsal unpaired median neuron, innervating the extensor tibiae (DUMETi) prior to SETi stimulation, also led to CT. Both octopamine and DUMETi markedly enhanced the tension developed in response to a burst of impulses

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cerebral ganglion and nerve tracts ofMoniliformis dubiusshow intense, specific, green fluorescence that is also associated with the lateral and apical sensory bulbs. Radioenzymatic assays showed that high levels of dopamine were present but only small amounts of the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine were identified. Incubations of the proboscis sac in dilute solutions of dopamine increased fluorescence while incubations in reserpine resulted in loss of fluorescence. Nonfluorogenic amine octopamine was also detected radioenzymatically. Neutral red vitally stained a number of cells in the cerebral ganglion and the nerve tracts extending from the ganglion. Electron microscopy showed that many neurons contained electron‐dense vesicles. The close association of the fluorescing, amine‐containing nerve tracts with the sensory bulbs suggests that they may play a functional role in sensory reception and transmission inM. dubius. This is the first report on the presence of biogenic amines in the Acanthoceph

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3034    

DOI:10.1002/neu.480140411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY