ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185261

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of a 2‐month follow‐up on a sample of individuals who rang a telephone quit smoking service to get advice on how to quit smoking are reported. Calls were in response to large‐scale media campaigns carried out in Victoria each year from 1984 through 1986. The calls to the service came more from women than men and tended to come from better educated white collar workers. There were few differences in short‐term quit rates as a function of basic demographic variables. There was some evidence that after 3 years of campaigning a greater proportion of telephone service users were making a major effort to quit and that younger smokers at whom the campaign was directed were more likely

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185271

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was undertaken to examine patterns of heroin use by clients attending New South Wales Health Department methadone maintenance units in Sydney. The study group included those clients who commenced taking methadone between January 1986 and January 1987 and who remained on individual programmes until December 1987. A total of 16800 urinalysis results from 346 clients were examined. Data were correlated vertically so as to examine heroin use by all clients beginning with their first dose of methadone. Contrary to expectation, the data indicate that heroin use did not decline as a function of time. The data were further examined within a numerically stable group, which had been sub‐classified according to the number of morphine positive urine samples over a period of 12 months. These data indicated the existence of two major groups; those whose continued use of heroin could be described as occasional and another heavy using group. The latter constituted 51% of the study population and contributed almost 90% of the morphine positive urines. The use of urinalysis data to identify the heavy and occasional‐user groups could assist in a study to define those factors which could be responsible for the continued use of heroin whilst on a methadone maintenance progra

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185281

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe drug use and related perceptions of 292 young offenders, 94% of those resident in the nine detention centres operated by the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Family and Community Services, were surveyed. The average age of the detainees was 16.3 years and 90.1% were male. Illicit drug use had commenced about 2 years after the use of non‐medicinal, but licit substances, and nearly 25% had used drugs from nine or more drug groupings. Alcohol (94.8%), analgesics (94.5%) and nicotine (92.4%) were the drugs most used, with 86.6% having used cannabis, 53.3% stimulants, 48.5% inhalants, 40.5% hallucinogens and 25.8% narcotics. The major reasons given for use were: wanting to feel good, curiosity and boredom. Familial drug use was common and heroin was perceived as the drug most dangerous to both body and mind. The results are discussed and suggestions made regarding appropriate services for adolescents, as most surveyed did not or would not use those which exis

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185291

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was undertaken to measure the blood alcohol levels (BALs) of five men and five women after they had consumed seven middies of Emu 2.2 (2.2% alcohol by volume) beer in 1 hour. This study was conducted in response to a newspaper advertisement which depicted a well‐known football player drinking seven middies of Emu 2.2 beer over 1 hour and registering a BAL of 0.012%. As predicted, the BALs of the ten adults varied considerably, but all greatly exceeded the very low result obtained by the football player. More importantly, from the point of view of road safety, all ten BALs exceeded the 0.02% probationary driver limit in Western Australia, and two of the BALs were above the 0.05% legal limit for driving in several other Australian state

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185301

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred and twenty‐two students from the University of Queensland were surveyed regarding their attitudes and behaviour toward alcohol. As an extension of earlier investigations at the same university the study provides some monitoring of drinking levels over 8 years. Results indicate that the quantity and frequency of male consumption continues to be greater than that of females. Sex differences were also evident in beverage preferences. An increase in the proportion of males drinking more than 40 grams of alcohol per day was noted. The implications of this finding are discussed within the broader context of comparisons across studies and with reference to National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations for alcohol consumptio

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185311

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been increased emphasis on the need for early intervention in the treatment of drug and alcohol problems and on reducing consumption among ‘low‐risk’ as well as among more heavily drug‐dependent populations. At the same time, the doctor's role in recognising and treating drug and alcohol problems among their clients has been coming under closer scrutiny. An Illawarra‐based study has examined these questions in the context of two non‐English speaking background communities. Our findings are relevant not only to attempts to reconstruct the doctor‐patient relationship, but to the question of health service provision in a multiethnic soci

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185321

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe interviewed 50 current cocaine users with the aim of providing insights into cocaine use in Sydney. The study sample was obtained by one researcher using a chain referral technique. Appointments were made for interview and the interview aimed to determine the quantity, frequency, pattern and circumstances of drug use in the respondents. The study sample included people with a wide range of incomes and occupations; all but one person were employed. Extensive current drug use was reported; 78% smoked tobacco, 98% drank alcohol with 36% having more than two drinks per day, 96% used marijuana with 40% smoking marijuana at least 5 times per week, 65% used amphetamines, 36% used hallucinogens and 10% used heroin. Ten per cent were unable to name one health risk of cocaine. When asked about the image of a cocaine user, 42% thought of a rock star, film industry worker or someone involved in the arts and entertainment world. The information obtained from a study such as this provides important data for targeting of people in anti‐drug campaign

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185331

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearchers currently recognize and incorporate psychological, biomedical, and social determinants in the study of addictive behaviors. Yet spiritual aspects of addiction and recovery remain virtually unstudied, despite the fact that spirituality is given central importance in Alcoholics Anonymous and in the lives of many individuals. Traditional spiritual concepts have been relabelled to remove their transcendent dimension, and addiction researchers have acted as though spirituality plays no role in the lives of those they study. Consequently an entire class of potentially important variables is being overlooked. A majority of variance in addictive behaviors and treatment outcomes remains unexplained, a portion of which might be accounted for through the study of spiritual dependent, moderator, and independent variables. Behavioural scientists have begun to acknowledge the role of complex spiritual, moral, and decisional processes in the addictive behaviours. Though uncomfortable in some ways for both believers and unbelievers, the scientific study of spiritual processes may improve our understanding of the addictive behaviours, and our ability to prevent and treat these enduring problems.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185341

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe need for compulsory detention in the management of alcohol‐dependent persons is reviewed with a particular focus on legislation in New South Wales (NSW). It is argued that there is no justification for the severe loss of civil liberties in order to provide a general power of involuntary alcoholism treatment since such treatment is basically ineffective and in any case little treatment is actually given to those detained. The selective operation of the NSW Inebriates Act (in terms of class and race biases) is noted. The special circumstances of those who suffer severe alcohol‐related brain damage and those who are in acute life‐threatening circumstances are discussed. It is suggested that these cases are adequately covered by existing Mental Health and Guardianship legislation, obviating the need for special legislation such as an Inebriate

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239000185351

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY