ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185491

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to put a genetic epidemiological perspective on the role of genetic factors involved in the susceptibility and expression of alcohol use. The consequences of familial aggregation in a trait is explained, and the evidence for familial aggregation in alcoholism is viewed critically. Methods for making inference aboutunmeasuredgenetic factors from family‐based studies of twins, adoptees, etc. are examined. The meaning and limitations of “heritability” are explained. A summary of the literature regarding the possible role of genetic factors on several aspects of alcohol use, including alcohol metabolism, is presented. Some of the evidence formeasuredgenetic factors related to alcoholism and alcohol use is examined. The basic requirements for justifying genetic screening for an adult onset condition, such as alcoholism, are outlined. It is concluded that, although behavioural geneticists have tended to overstate the case for a genetic aetiology, it may only be a matter of time before one or more genetic loci, which in some part determine susceptibility to problem drinking and alcohol abuse, are identified. Genetic screening programmes, however, are unlikely to be justified, especially given the lack of proven prevention strategies. [Hopper JL. Genetic factors in alcohol use—a genetic epidemiological perspective.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185501

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSupport now exists for the practice of including the family in attempts to alter individual problems related to alcohol use. The present paper extends discussion of family involvement in treatment to include programmes addressing illicit drug use. In contrast to programmes focusing on alcohol use where the cohabitating family has been the focus, developmental issues arising within the family of origin tend to be of most interest in illicit drug treatment. Treatment process descriptions, in a range of programmes, refer to the need to redress developmental failures originating in the family. More commonly the family is seen as a method of obtaining practical support for recovery. There are differences, however, both in the developmental deficits targeted for intervention and the approaches utilized to involve families in treatment. The frequent reference to illicit drug‐users' families as high‐risk groups for harmful behaviours, together with demonstrations of family involvement as a successful strategy, recommends the potential of these approaches as a practical prevention initiative. Broader assessment of potential benefits for the wider family network is suggested as a useful way to encourage such developments. [Toumbourou JW. Family involvement in illicit drug treatment?Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:385

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185511

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe changing economic and social conditions, the availability of a greater variety of substances and the abuse of these substances by adolescents, by women and by the elderly are bringing new pressures on society in general and on family life in particular. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of various substances on the family in today's post‐industrial American society and point out its implications for clinical treatment, research and prevention. [Straussner SLA. The impact of alcohol and other drug abuse on the American family.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:393–

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185521

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe literature on partners of problem drinkers is reviewed. Originally research and treatment viewed partners of problem drinkers from a pathological perspective. This paper suggests an alternative stress and coping perspective as less stigmatizing and more realistic in terms of the experiences of these individuals. [Watts S, Bush R, Wilson P. Partners of problem drinkers: moving into the 1990s.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:401–40

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185531

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper identifies the social, psychological and cognitive effects of parental alcohol abuse on children across the lifecycle. While the evidence regarding cognitive effects is mixed, there is ample evidence of negative effects on a range of developmental outcomes. Recent advances in unilateral partner interventions open up one avenue for ameliorating this damage even when the drinker is resistant to change. [Barber JG, Crisp BR. The effects of alcohol abuse on children and the partner's capacity to initiate change.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:409–41

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185541

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a typology and transactional model of how close relatives cope with excessive drinking, drug‐taking or gambling in the family. These are illustrated with four examples taken from a series of research projects in which relatives have been interviewed to understand better how they react and respond. Such information is the groundwork for a World Health Organization initiative to help primary health care workers respond to the needs of relatives. The philosophy behind this initiative, and the steps that primary health care workers might take, are outlined. It is proposed that such workers can help close relatives to find the best coping methods in their circumstances, and that this approach might constitute an important, and hitherto neglected, form of secondary prevention. [Orford J. Empowering family and friends: a new approach to the secondary prevention of addiction.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:417–

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185551

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper sets out to examine the experience of being a significant other by first discussing the existing notions and research traditions of the phenomenon. In the light of survey data it is shown that drinking problems are not only met within the circle of the nuclear family, or between the spouses. This approach presents an alternative perspective to that, which focuses on the relationship between the drinking male and the “co‐dependent” female. There are also feelings of responsibility and concern between alcoholics and their close male relatives, colleagues and friends. Comparison between the male and female experience of being a significant other is taken as a goal for further research. [Holmila M. Excessive drinking and significant others.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:43

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185561

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe term “co‐dependency” has become somewhat established within the vernacular of the addiction field and is being used increasingly within the popular psychology and self‐help literature. A review of this literature reveals that there is general agreement as to the core characteristics of co‐dependency but virtually no agreement as to a workable definition. Remarkably little research has been published to examine any of the assumptions within the model, so that most of the ideas presented in the literature rest on clinical observation and/or personal experience. The concept has been widely criticized from a number of theoretical perspectives. Of particular note are the feminist objections to the model. In addition, a number of the central concepts within the co‐dependency model are at odds with some of the research into family coping. Further research is urgently needed in this area. Despite many conceptual problems the development of this model has had an undoubted positive influence on family treatment and support benefiting many people within the self‐help arena. [Hands MA, Dear G. Co‐dependency: a critical review.Drug Alcohol Rev

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185571

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecently publicized cases of child abuse and neglect have highlighted the complexity of interaction between professionals in the alcohol and drug field and those in the child welfare field. Despite exhortations to practitioners in both fields to see their clients from a “family‐centred perspective”, a range of psychological, ethical, conceptual, professional and organizational factors mean that this often remains an elusive goal. In this paper the obstacles to adopting a family‐centred approach which cuts across different professions and fields of service are identified. These factors interact in complex ways and although workers feel the tensions, it is difficult for them to perceive the set of constraints as a whole from the vantage point of an actor in the process. By identifying and analysing these obstacles workers in both fields may be better able to collaborate in maximizing the opportunities which also exist for family‐centred practice. [Scott DA, Campbell LM. Family‐centred practice in the interface between child welfare and the alcohol and drug field.Drug Alcohol Rev1994

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185581

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY