ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185181

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rationale and methodology behind the Australian Quality Assurance Project is described. The Project aimed to develop guidelines for treatment content based on three sources of information: research findings, current practice and expert opinion. The issue of the gap between research and practice is discussed, as well as the role of dissemination in altering clinician behaviour. [Heather, N, Mattick, RP. The development of guidelines for drug and alcohol dependence treatment: affecting policy and practice.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:119–125

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185191

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA combined narrative/meta‐analytic review of the results of a number of well‐conducted randomized controlled clinical trials indicates that there is no evidence that usual treatment delivered in an in‐patient or residential setting is superior to treatment delivered on an out‐patient or non‐residential basis for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Nor is there any evidence to support the view that in‐patient/residential treatment is superior to day patient intervention, or that longer in‐patient treatment is superior to shorter in‐patient treatment. The studies suggest that in‐patient/residential care should not be considered as a standard setting for intervention for alcohol dependence. However, the results of these trials do not contradict the view that in‐patient/residential care remains suitable for specific sub‐populations of alcohol dependent individuals, such as those requiring closely supervised detoxification, respite care, or who (because of the extreme severity of dependence on alcohol) may require an intense form of supervised intervention. Research should be conducted to establish whether treatment on an in‐patient basis does yield an advantage for this last group. [Mattick RP, Jarvis T. In‐patient setting and long duration for the treatment of alcohol dependence? Out‐patient care is as good.Drug

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185201

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evidence on the relative impact of intensive intervention(s) and brief advice for alcoholic populations has been interpreted as indicating that there is little advantage for the intensive form of treatment over brief advice. The current review suggests that this conclusion is based on studies with serious and important methodological flaws, and that a slightly different, qualified interpretation is appropriate. There is evidence that intensive intervention does benefit alcohol‐dependent patients, although it seems likely that the less alcohol‐dependent (problem or excessive) drinkers do not require such intense intervention(s). There is also reasonable evidence that at the end of intervening with people with alcohol problems there should be some continued assistance (ie ‘aftercare’) available to extend the intervention, and this assistance should be structured and scheduled. [Mattick P., Jarvis T. Brief or minimal intervention for ‘alcoholics’? The evidence suggests otherwise.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185211

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report presents outlines for approaches to intervening with excessive drinkers and problem/dependent drinkers. These recommendations are based on a meta‐analysis of the treatment‐outcome literature, a survey of treatment practices used in Australia and the views of a panel of experts. Recommendations for assessment, detoxification and intervention for excessive, problem and dependent drinkers are made. A number of interventions that are deemed unsuitable for use in this area, or that hold promise but require more evidence before they can be advocated for use are set out. [Mattick RP, Jarvis T. A summary of recommendations for the management of alcohol problems: The quality assurance in the treatment of drug dependence project.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:167

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185221

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA meta‐analysis of randomized and controlled evaluations of the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions compared 146 estimates of the difference in abstinence rates between treated and control conditions (effect sizes) from 85 publications. Simple advice to quit and other brief intervention techniques, nicotine chewing gum and behavioural techniques were all found to be significantly better than relevant control conditions in promoting abstinence, although the results were not homogeneous. In five studies of acupuncture compared with control, consistent results were found showing no benefit for acupuncture. [Baillie AJ, Mattick RP, Hall W, Webster P. Meta‐analytic review of the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:153

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185231

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report presents outlines for approaches to smoking cessation. These recommendations are based on a meta‐analysis of the treatment‐outcome literature, a survey of current treatment practices and the views of a panel of experts. Face‐to‐face intervention to assist smokers to stop smoking needs to be considered in the context of a public policy approach to reducing the prevalence of smoking. The nature of face‐to‐face interventions is determined by the time available to practitioners. Where there is no time to intervene (e.g. in some primary health care settings) quality self‐help materials should be prominently displayed. Where there is only 10 minutes or less, attention should be focused on personalizing the health effects of smoking, providing firm advice to quit, providing self‐help material, setting a quit date (if appropriate), identifying social support for cessation and organizing a follow‐up visit. If there is more time to intervene (up to one hour) the previous techniques can be expanded on and supplemented with nicotine replacement and discussion of methods for dealing with high‐risk situations. Longer interventions would use all of these methods, presenting them in more detail, and may also address stress management and minimization of weight gain. [Mattick RP, Baillie A, Digiusto E, Gourlay S, Richmond R, Stanton HJ. A summary of the recommendations for smoking cessation interventions: The quality assurance in the treatment of drug dependence project.Drug Alcohol

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185241

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn‐patients from selected wards at four Sydney teaching hospitals were screened using a self‐completed general health questionnaire. Screening was carried out between January 1990 and December 1991 as part of a larger study of brief interventions for excessive alcohol consumers detected in the general hospital setting. Comparison with other screening studies of excessive drinkers in hospitals is difficult, due to factors such as the different screening instruments used and the varying population targeted. However, similar trends among excessive drinkers were found, such as age and gender factors. The routine employment of simple screening instruments to detect excessive drinkers among hospital in‐patients is once more urged. [Bell, A, Richmond, R, Heather, N, Rollnick, S. Results of screening for excessive drinkers in four Sydney hospitals.Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:179

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185251

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe surveyed 432 accredited nurses in New South Wales to identify topics they perceived as a priority for inclusion in drug and alcohol education programmes. The results were analysed according to educational preparation, field of nursing speciality and area/region of employment of subjects. The selection of topics was influenced by field of nursing and location (urban versus country) of employment. These results suggest that more than just a single, core course is necessary to meet the needs of nurses. Additional courses, whose content is augmented by topics which are specifically relevant to various nursing fields, need to be provided to keep inservice and continuing drug and alcohol education clinically relevant. [Novak, H., Petch, I. Drug and alcohol education in New South Wales: what do nurses want to learn?Drug Alcohol Rev1994;13:185–193

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185261

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn accordance with public health principles, this paper is concerned with examining the individual, economic and political outcomes of in‐patient treatment for alcohol dependence. It is argued that in‐patient treatment for alcohol dependenceper seis not justifiable at any of these levels, although in‐patient treatment is justifiable for the treatment of the serious biomedicalsequelaeof dependence. For the alcohol‐dependent person, the drinking, social, financial, psychological, work‐related and health outcomes of out‐patient treatment are as good as those for in‐patient treatment; economically, out‐patient programmes are more cost‐effective than in‐patient programmes; politically, moving the focus of treatment away from in‐patient services is more likely to contribute to a cultural milieu which recognizes problems associated with alcohol dependence early and in their many different forms, rather than only by their long‐term health consequences. [Ali RL., Cormack SM. In‐patient treatment for the alcohol‐dependent person: a public health perspective.Drug

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239400185271

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY