ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185461

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDrug and alcohol agencies across Australia were asked to describe the services they offer to opiate users. Of the 284 agencies identified as providing treatment, 229 (81%) responded. A standard assessment procedure was used in 72% of agencies. Eighty (35%) agencies offered detoxification and had assisted 7883 clients with detoxification in the 12 months prior to March 1990. Methadone maintenance was offered in 20% of agencies with 5234 clients currently receiving this treatment. Daily doses of methadone in the range of 40–80 mg were described for most (51%) clients receiving methadone and concurrent counselling was provided in 45% of cases. Standard psychosocial interventions were provided by 60% of agencies. Out‐patient or non‐residential settings were most common (36%), with residential therapeutic communities being the setting for 21% of programmes. Supportive counselling was the most commonly used individual approach, and cognitive‐behavioural or 12‐step approaches were the most commonly used group approaches. Brief support or referral to Nar‐Anon were the most popular family interventions. Procedures aimed at reducing the risk of HIV were in place at 85% of agencies. These findings are discussed in light of research evidence. Briefly, there is a diversity of treatment options available from different treatment agencies which is not reflected within the agencies, little aftercare is offered despite high rates of relapse, and doses of methadone are lower than has been found to

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185471

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use of HIV‐seropositive homosexual men and to determine the effect of alcohol use on HIV risk‐taking behaviour. Of particular interest was the effect of knowledge of HIV status on these behaviours. Information on alcohol and drug use was obtained from 485 HIV‐seropositive homosexual and bisexual men presenting to a HIV‐antibody testing and medical management clinic. Heavy alcohol use was common, with 46.2% reporting consumtpion of six or more standard drinks on one day recently. Men who knew that they were HIV infected drank significantly more than those men who had yet to learn of their HIV status at the time of interview. There was clear evidence in this study for a role of alcohol use in HIV risk‐taking behaviour. Almost one‐third (27%) of the HIV‐seropositive men reported unprotected anal intercourse during the previous 3 months with approximately one‐third of these (27/76, 35.5%) nominating alcohol as contributing to their high HIV

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185481

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe term ‘standard drink’ is commonly used when researchers collect alcohol consumption data and when educators create campaigns to encourage people to drink responsibly. However, little is known about community knowledge of the term ‘standard drink’ or what it represents in terms of what people are drinking in their own homes or on unlicensed premises. This study measured the amounts of a variety of alcoholic beverages that a sample of Perth metropolitan people use when drinking on unlicensed premises. The level of knowledge of the alcohol content of a variety of beverages and the knowledge of the term standard drink and what it represents in terms of commonly consumed beverages was also measured. The results showed that knowledge of the alcohol content of beverages was very poor. Knowledge of the term standard drink and what it represents in terms of absolute alcohol was also poor. Regarding the amounts of beverages poured, red and white wine, champagne and spirits are likely to be poured in amounts well in excess of a standard drink when people are drinking in their own homes. The results of this study have implications for the efficacy of educational campaigns designed to encourage safe and responsible drinking practices through the monitoring of personal intake. Before these can be effective, the terminology used must be familiar and well understood by the community towards which they are aimed. The results also discussed with respect to the design and administration of alcohol consumption questio

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185491

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe response to drug and alcohol problems in a small Australian rural community is described. The town of Nimbin, the centre of this community, is characterized by alternative life‐styles. The area has received considerable publicity over illicit drug use, particularly marijuana‐growing and a recent increase in injecting drug usage. The town has one medical practice with two general practitioners and this centre has been actively involved in the development of drug and alcohol services. This paper describes the development of a drug and alcohol service from the perspective of a local general practitioner. Reference is made to problems of community resistance, hospital issues and the steps taken to acquire knowledge and skills in the management of patients presenting to the practice. The importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in the development of services which included a needle and syringe exchange and a methadone treatment programme is emphasi

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185501

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a brief summary of the results of a study estimating the economic costs of drug abuse in Australia and commentary on these results. It proceeds to draw some conclusions about the extent of the potential benefits of drug harm minimization programmes and of the types of programmes which might yield high rates of return. It applies some standard analyses normally used in the areas of industry and taxation economics to draw conclusions in regard to tobacco advertising, competition between federal and state governments in drug policies and the hypothecation (earmarking) of taxes to drug programmes.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185511

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe benzodiazepines are a group of drugs which have recently received considerable adverse publicity from within the media, much of which is undeserved. It is not unusual for drugs to produce these strong reactions from within both the professional and the general community. This paper examines the validity of the benzodiazepines in clinical practice and suggests rational guidelines for their continued use based on the clinical pharmacology of the compounds concerned.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185521

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite intensive research, the neurochemical basis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has not been defined. Theories that are currently favoured to explain the cerebral dysfunction that accompanies acute or chronic hepatic failure include: (1) ammonia acting as the putative neurotoxin; (2) perturbed monoamine neutrotransmission as a result of altered plasmo amino acid metabolism; (3) an imbalance between excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, mediated by glutamate, and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmission, mediated by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA); and (4) increased cerebral concentrations of an endogenous benzodiazepine‐like substance. Studies of amino acid neurotransmitter receptors in HE have yielded conflicting results. The majority of studies in different animal models of acute and chronic HE and in patients have reported that brain GABA receptor density and affinity are unchanged. There have been fewer studies of excitatory amino acid receptors and these have also yielded conflicting results. However, the majority suggest that components of the glutamate receptor system are perturbed in HE. Further investigation is required to determine the significance of these findings to the pathogenesis of HE. [Maddison JE. Neurochemical studies of hepatic encephalop

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185531

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185541

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment J. C. BALL&A. ROSSSafe Passage. Recovery for Adult Children of Alcoholics STEPHANIE BROWNUnder the Weather. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism—How to Cope JOHN G. COONEYPsychotherapy: New Dimensions for Clinical Practice FRANCIS MACNABSociability and Intoxication. Alcohol and Drinking in Kenya, Africa, and the Modern World JUHA PARTANENDrug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention RONALD R. WATS

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185551

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY