摘要:

AlexWodak

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185571

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe first Australian national census of clients of drug and alcohol treatment agencies was undertaken to document the characteristics of clients attending these facilities. Of the agencies surveyed nationwide, 431 (85.2%) completed and returned census forms describing demographic and drug use details of their clients. A total of 6175 clients were reported to have received services (beyond methadone maintenance alone) in the responding agencies on the census day. Ninety percent of the clients seen were substance users, and 10% of clients were relatives or friends of a substance user. The mean age of the clients was 34 years and two‐thirds were male. The majority were Australian born, with 10% described as Aborigines or Torres Strait Islanders. The majority of the clients were not in paid employment. Fifty‐five percent of all clients received treatments services on a non‐residential basis. The most frequent presenting drug problem reported was alcohol, followed by opiates and tobacco. Thirty‐three percent of the substance users were reported to have injected illicit drugs in the past 12

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185581

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty‐seven heroin users referred by the Drug and Alcohol Court Assessment Programme (DACAP) were compared with 45 self‐referred heroin users at 13 months post‐presentation. Data at presentation indicated distinct subpopulations were generated by each referral source. Differences were recorded in age, heroin use, marital status, educational level, employment history and age of onset of anti‐social behaviour. The DACAP scheme exerted an earlier health intervention effect in a sample experiencing dysfunction in other areas, principally legally and socially. Prospective data demonstrated that both samples reported significant reductions in the proportion using heroin. Differences between samples evident at presentation were expressed prospectively, in rates of employment, incarceration and involvement in methadone maintenance programmes. The limitations of diverting clientele from the legal system to the treatment system is discussed in light of these

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185591

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBenzodiazepines may result in dependence after relatively brief periods of prescription. This study reports the continued use of either temazepam or nitrazepam as a hypnotic 3–4 months after the provision of the drug as a discharge prescription following an acute hospital stay. Of 160 patients contacted by telephone (out of 275 given such a prescription on discharge), 68 (42.5%) were still taking the hypnotic when contacted and 23 (14%) of these had not previously used a hypnotic regularly prior to hospital admission. The risks of the use of benzodiazepine hypnotics, particularly in the elderly, are discussed and recommendations made to restrict in‐patient hypnotic use to no more than 5 days at any one time. Patients should be counselled about the risks of the development of dependence and withdrawal insomnia. Discharge prescription of benzodiazepine hypnotics should not exceed three days duration and preferably be avoided altoget

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185601

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sample of 1154 adolescents from central Queensland indicated their agreement or disagreement with 28 reasons why young people drink alcohol in ways that are risky or illegal. As predicted, agreement varied across the three age groups sampled, with younger respondents being most likely to agree with drinking reasons. In contrast, very few sex differences emerged in the study. This suggests that young males and females share some common views about situations related to problematic alcohol consumption, and that age differences may be the more important factor in the development of alcohol education messages.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185611

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect on liver cirrhosis and driver and motorcyclist mortality of changing the alcohol outlet rates in New South Wales relative to the adjacent control State of Victoria. A longitudinal study design with a six year before period (1968–1973) and a nine year after period (1974–1982) was used. A 10.5% relative increase in the total outlet rate for New South Wales during the after period was associated with significant increases in liver cirrhosis mortality (males + 22.1%, females + 17.7%) and driver and motorcyclist mortality (males + 19.8%, females + 18.9%) in comparison to the control state. The analyses also indicated that the increases in the dependent variables were apparently due to the higher outlet rates for restaurants and stores rather than for hotels and taverns. Attention is drawn to a number of limitations of the study des

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185621

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines the results of 10 years of research on the relationship between injecting drug use and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The two main transmission modes of HIV among injecting drug users (IDU)—parenteral drug use and sexual behaviour—are examined in detail, as well as the efficacy of attempted interventions to reduce the spread of HIV among this populat

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185631

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present paper aims to explore issues related to men within the context of seeking help for substance abuse. The male gender role is in conflict with help‐seeking behaviour and with the fundamental principles of therapy, i.e. introspection, emotional expressivity and acknowledgement of difficulties. This creates a paradox for the male seeking psychological treatment and, it will be argued, particularly for the male substance abuser. It is argued that interventions which address the gender role and challenge men's perceptions of themselves are critical variables in the outcome of therapy, i.e. enabling them to make the necessary changes in order to promote psychological well‐being. An examination of the male gender role in relation to intrapsychic issues and family systems will be followed by a brief discussion of therapeutic interventions. Some of the difficulties and issues confronted by workers who work with male substance abusers will be explo

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185641

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the major contributors to the fragmentation of the opiate treatment outcome literature has been the plethora of measurement techniques employed by researchers. This has led to a situation where direct comparability between studies is often extremely difficult, if not impossible. In this article the measurement methodologies employed in the major treatment outcome studies are reviewed, and the implications for future research discussed.

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185651

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOfficial Australian reports into drug use reveal a high level of agreement over the nature of drug use and the problems associated with drug use. We examine the lines of argument which make up the shared approach of past reports into drugs, and assess to what degree the connections between these lines of argument are changing. This assessment reflects on the possibility of arguing that heroin should be made available for the treatment (including maintenance) of heroin‐dependent users. This paper is derived from a report prepared for a feasibility study which examined whether or not heroin should be made available in the Australian Capital Territory in a controlled manner. After a close reading of a number of official reports, we conclude that it is possible to argue that heroin should become availabl

ISSN:0959-5236    

DOI:10.1080/09595239200185661

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY