摘要:

ABSTRACT—The prognosis of cirrhotic patients may depend on their liver function, but very few data are available to predict life expectancy in individual subjects on the basis of their liver function tests. The yearly changes in liver function, based on galactose elimination capacity (GEC), were retrospectively analyzed in 76 cirrhotic patients. The first GEC measurement had always been performed at the time of diagnosis. From that time on, mean GEC changes (in mmol/min per year) were +0.13 [SD 0.60] in the 1st year (range: +1.42/ –1.35), and –0.03 [0.30]in the 2nd year (P = ns). Only after 36 months could a significant deterioration in liver function be demonstrated, but GEC changes still ranged from +0.14 to –0.35. The trend in liver function was similar in patients with alcoholic and non‐alcoholic cirrhosis, but in alcoholics a favourable effect of abstinence was proved. In individual subjects, 2 consecutive GEC measurements, at least 6 months apart, failed to predict the following GEC values. The coefficients of determination between expected and measured GEC or ΔGEC were 0.13 and 0.36, respectively (n = 58). When forecasting was limited to 2 years (n = 38), still only 31% and 55% of GEC values and ΔGEC variance was predictable on the basis of preceding GEC values. The study shows that no definite trends in liver function deterioration rates can be observed in cirrhosis. This limits the usefulness of liver function tests in predicting prognosis in cirrhot

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Intrahepatic distribution of Lipiodol and I‐131 Lipiodol infused via the hepatic arteries was evaluated in six patients with HCC who had undergone hepatic lobectomy or segmentectomy. CT scan and gamma camera radiograph confirmed that the oily contrast material or I‐131 radioactivity accumulated selectively in the tumor over a long period. One to two thirds of the tumor mass appeared necrotic, although the extent tended to be larger in the case of radioactive Lipiodol infusion. The tumor cells contained numerous lipid globules within the cytoplasm. Also, oil red 0 stain demonstrated that the individual tumor cells had non‐globular lipid on their surface. In conclusion, Lipiodol leaks out of the vascular spaces to attach to the cancer cell membrane as a non‐globular lipid as well as to enter the cancer cells as a globular lipid. This phenomenon specific to cancer cells suggests a biochemical membrane change which may have occurred during carcinogenesis, causing alteration of membrane transport and c

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sixty‐four chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with hepatitis B e antibody (anti‐HBe) were followed in order to detect reactivations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to assess the incidence and specificity of hepatitis B e antigen/hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAg/anti‐HBe) immune complexes (ICs). In 18 out of 19 patients who suffered an increase in alanine transaminase (ALT) values, serum HBV‐DNA reappeared co‐occurring with the peak(s) of transminases. HBeAg/anti‐HBe immune complexes were detected in 17/18 (94.4%) patients positive for HBV‐DNA. In nine of them, the appearance of immune complexes co‐occurred with prednisone therapy, in two following seroconversion after recombinant interferon alpha‐2A treatment, and spontaneously in the remaining seven patients. When ALT levels dropped to normal values, immune complexes as well as HBV‐DNA became undetectable. In conclusion, the detection of HBeAg/anti‐HBe immune complexes seems to be a specific method to detect HBV replication among ant

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The role of zone 3 hepatocytes in bile formation was determined when they were selectively destroyed by 3.8 mmol/kg b.w. of bromobenzene injected i.p. for 48 h, as compared to appropriate controls. Bromobenzene treatment resulted in 29±4.4% hepatic lobule necrosis localized in the zone 3 hepatocytes. Although bile flow and bile salt‐independent flow were not affected, this treatment was associated with a significant reduction in bile salt, and phospholipid secretion. The bile salt pool and bile salt synthesis were also significantly decreased. These results suggest that necrosis of zone 3 hepatocytes induced by bromobenzene reduced bile acid synthesis which decreased bile salt pool and affected bile salt and phospholipid secretion rates. However, necrosis of zone 3 hepatocytes did not affect bile flow or the bile salt‐independent flow, suggesting that hepatocytes of zones 1 and 2 maintained the normal bile salt‐independent flow when zone 3 hepatocytes were

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—During human and experimental liver fibrogenesis, the pattern of glycosaminoglycans in fibrotic liver matrix is greatly changed by severalfold increases of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate, respectively. The present study aimed to determine whether hepatocytes take part during fibrogenesis in the alteration of the glycosaminoglycan profile in liver matrix. Rats received thioacetamide orally for 2 and 10 weeks, respectively. After 10 weeks a typical micronodular cirrhosis had developed. Hepatocytes isolated at these time points were characterized by light and electron microscopy and incubated for up to 4 h in suspension cultures in [35S]‐sulfate and [3H]‐glucosamine containing medium to study the synthesis and intra‐/extracellular distribution of total and specific types of glycosaminoglycans. A biphasic change of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in hepatocytes was found. After 2 weeks of TAA‐treatment parenchymal cells synthesized about 25% more labeled glycosaminoglycans than control liver cells, but at 10 weeks the synthesis was reduced by more than 40%. Thus, between 2 and 10 weeks of TAA‐treatment hepatocellular glycosaminoglycan synthesis decreased by more than 50%. The major portion of newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans was nitrous acid labile and, hence, identified as heparan sulfate. Its fractional synthesis decreased from 0.90 in control cells to 0.84 (2 weeks TAA) and 0.76 (10 weeks TAA), respectively. Thus, the absolute synthesis of heparan sulfate was reduced by 50% in hepatocytes from cirrhosis liver. Eighty to 90% of labeled glycosaminoglycans remained cell‐associated. Hyaluronic acid was detected neither in normal hepatocytes nor in hepatocytes from injured liver. We conclude from these data that parenchymal liver cells will not contribute actively to the accumulation of galactosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate) and hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix during fibrogenesis. The diminished rate of synthesis of heparan sulfate in hepatocytes from cirrhotic liver might explain its fractional decrease in cirrhotic

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The origin of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) lining hyperplastic bile ductules in the liver in biliary disease is uncertain. Depending on the underlying condition, the hyperplastic BEC may arise by multiplication of existing BEC, transdifferentiation of liver cells to BEC or by both mechanisms. Using histological, autoradiographic and immunohistochemical techniques, the development of these ductules was assessed in rats following total biliary obstruction (TBO) for periods of up to 50 days. Histologically, a biliary cirrhosis developed after 21 days. Apoptosis was observed in both liver cells and BEC at all stages following TBO, and focal involution of hyperplastic ductules by this mode of cell deletion was noted at 50 days. The3H‐thymidine labelling index was approximately 25 times greater (p<0.0005) than control values in both liver cells and BEC at all stages following TBO, reaching peak values at 48 h of 6.07±0.82% for liver cells and 15.99±1.47% for BEC. In sections stained by the immunoperoxidase technique and using a prekeratin antiserum to identify BEC, an increase in the number of canals of Hering was observed at days 7 and 21. An intermediate‐type cell possessing the morphological appearance of a liver cell and expressing prekeratin antigens was seen in an occasional canal of Hering. On the basis of the high cell replication rate of liver cells and BEC and the very occasional intermediate‐type cell, it was concluded that hyperplastic BEC are derived essentially from existing BEC by cell division. The contribution to the BEC pool from an intermediate cell type within the canals of Hering

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A quantitative analysis of the liver was performed at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and 7, 21 and 50 days following total biliary obstruction (TBO) in the Sprague‐Dawley rat. During this period, the liver weight increased from 7.72±0.51 g (mean±SEM) in controls to 24.57±1.66 g (p<0.0005) at 50 days. There was a concomitant reduction in the volume proportion of the liver occupied by liver cells, from 71.37±1.36% to 21.54±3.27% (p<0.0005), but there were increases in the volume proportions of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) from 0.14±0.02% to 16.39±1.12% (p<0.0005), of other cell and tissue types from 5.50±4.89% to 30.73±2.42% (p<0.0005) and of vascular and biliary channel spaces from 22.99±1.17% to 31.35±0.87% (p<0.0025). In control animals, the liver cell and BEC volume was estimated to be 6240±360 μm3and 100±10 μm3, respectively. Following TBO, the liver cell volume was significantly greater than control only from 48–96 h, whereas the BEC increased significantly in volume from 24 to 72 h and then remained approximately 6 times the control value until the end of the period of study. Contrary to the histological appearance and decrease observed in volume proportion, the total liver cell population did not significantly differ from the control value of 8.83 × 108±0.80 × 108cells, other than at 21 days when it increased to 14.90 × 108±1.04 × 108cells (p<0.05). When expressed as the number of liver cells/100 g b.wt., an increase from the control value of 4.37 × 108±0.32 × 108cells was observed only at 7 (5.66 × 108±0.42 × 108cells; p<0.05) and 21 days (6.94 × 108±0.48 × 108cells; p<0.05). This maintenance of liver cell population, following biliary obstruction, at or above the control values matches the clinical observation of preserved liver cell function. The total BEC population in control livers was 1.11 × 108±0.20 × 108cells. A significant increase in this population was observed at 7 days (3.82 × 108±0.62 × 108cells; p<0.05) with further increases to 57.90 × 108±6.42 × 108cells (p<0.05) at 50 days, 52 times the control value. When expressed as cells/100 g b.wt., similar changes were observed. The results reported here indicate the importance of taking into account the change in the entire organ size and total mass of the cells in questio

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Chalmers TC (ed.).Data analysis for clinical medicine: the quantitative approach to patient care in gastroenterology.Hartig W, Dietze G, Weiner R, Fürst P (eds.).Nutrition in clinical practice.Cheli R, Bovero E, Pandolfo N eds.Gastric motility – a physiological and pharmacological approach.Jeffrey RB Jr ed.CT and sonography of the acute abdomen.Arias IM, Jakoby VB, Popper H, Schachter D, Shafritz DA eds.The liver: biology and pathobiology, 2nd e

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY