ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In some cholestatic syndromes, lithocholic acid (LCA) has been identified in serum and bile and might play a role in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Thus, we examined the effect of chronic LCA administration on hepatobiliary function in rats. The taurine‐conjugate of LCA (TLCA) was given to male rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight i.v. twice daily for 18 days. Bile flow, biliary secretion rate of bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol, measured 15 h after the last injection, were normal with the exception of phospholipid, which was significantly higher when compared to controls. Individual bile acids measured by GLC showed that the contribution of chenodeoxycholic and muricholic acids increased while that of cholic acid decreased. By electron microscopy, bile canalicular structures appeared normal except for a widening of the pericanalicular ectoplasm. Evaluation of hepatobiliary function 1 h after an additional injection of TLCA to rats that received the bile acid for 18 days, resulted in the typical acute cholestatic response. Thus chronic administration of TLCA does not influence the acute cholestatic effect of T

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In order to investigate whether bacteremic cirrhosis patients generally have a more serious prognosis than non‐bacteremic cirrhosis patients the survival rates of 43 bacteremic and 43 matched non‐bacteremic cirrhosis patients were compared. No difference in survival existed between the two groups from the time of cirrhosis diagnosis. However, the survival rate of the bacteremic patients calculated from the onset of bacteremia was significantly shorter than the survival rate of the non‐bacteremic cirrhosis patients calculated from the time of random selection (p<0.05). Thus the bacteremic patients at the time of bacteremia were generally in a later phase of their disease than the controls at the time of selection. Therefore, bacteremia when it occurs in cirrhosis is a severe prognostic sign, not because of its influence on survival but because of its occurrence late in the course of ci

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—An expression of ras p21 proteins on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma) cells was examined by an immunoperoxidase method using an appropriate dilution of mouse monoclonal antibody RAP‐5, with which no positive staining was obtained in livers with normal histology. Of 44 CCs examined 39 were positive for the antigens; well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma usually showed a diffuse weak, cytoplasmic staining in nearly all tumor cells with the same staining intensity, while in moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma the expression of p21 varied markedly in intensity from cell to cell in the same cell nest. The number of positive cells decreased with the grade of tumor, and no or little staining was observed in undifferentiated areas. These findings indicate that the expression of ras p21 antigens was lost with increasing dedifferentiation of tumor cells. Carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) were positive in 42 of 44 CCS. Well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma expressed CEA along the apical surfaces of the tumor glands. With the dedifferentiation of tumor cells, the expression of CEA became prominent not only at the apical surfaces but also on the basolateral surfaces and in the cytoplasms, and further in the surrounding stromal tissue. There was no clear‐cut correlation between the expression of p21 antigens and the production of C

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Sepsis is occasionally accompanied by jaundice which is marked by an intrahepatic cholestasis and scant hepatocyte necrosis. The pathogenesis is unknown. The bile fistula rat was used in this study to investigate the possibility that intrahepatic cholestasis is one of the many systemic effects of the major endogenous pyrogen, interleukin‐1. The effect of acute administration of endotoxin, interleukin‐2 and recombinant rat interferon gamma on biliary secretion and biliary transport mechanisms was also studied. Basal bile flow, peak bile flow and peak sodium taurocholate output were measured after 1 h in all cases, except with recombinant rat interferon gamma where the time interval was 3 h. Endotoxin significantly reduced basal and sodium taurocholate‐stimulated bile flow, as well as sodium taurocholate secretion. No such effect was noted after acute administration of any of these lymphokines or chronic administration of interleukin‐1. The cholestasis induced by endotoxin administration is not mediated by interleukin‐1, interleukin‐2 or recombinant int

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Liver blood flow (Q) is often measured by constant infusion of ICG (i), concentration measurements in an artery (A) and a hepatic vein (V): Q = (A – V)/A. Some authors use ICG clearance, Cl =i/A, as a measure of Q assuming complete hepatic extraction. During the infusion, the ICG concentration often increases. The importance of this for calculated values of Q and Cl was examined, and the use of Cl as a measure of Q was reevaluated. ICG was given as 0.06–0.20 μmol/min to 52 subjects with liver disease, and about 0.20 μmol/min to 86 subjects with no liver disease. ICG concentration increased steeply during the first 90 min after start of the infusion; thereafter the increment was constant as evaluated in successive 40‐min periods in eleven 320‐min studies (analysis of variance P>0.5); on average, 6 ± 1% per hour (± SD). Q was not time‐dependent (P>0.5). ICG clearance decreased significantly, on average 5 ± 2% per hour (± SD). Hepatic extraction fraction, (A‐V)/A, (measurement period 90–130 min) was 0.34 ± 0.21 in liver patients (± SD) and 0.61 ± 0.80 in controls. Cl and Q were positively correlated in both groups but with substantial scatter. Thus, not only is the calculated ICG clearance time‐dependent but the extraction fraction is further so low and variable, that any use of ICG clearance as a measure of l

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Six hundred and fifty‐one patients with acute viral hepatitis were identified serologically between January 1976 and December 1985. Of these, 109 (17%) had hepatitis A, 135 (21%) had hepatitis B, and 407 (62%) had hepatitis non‐A, non‐B. The possible infectious causes for acquisition of viral hepatitis occurring within 6 months before the onset of hepatitis were analysed. Approximately 80% of cases of hepatitis A and 70% of hepatitis B had no known risk factor, while in 67% of cases of hepatitis non‐A, non‐B possible risk factors for infection were documented. Infectious causes for hepatitis A were ingestion of raw shellfish (11%) and previous familial contact with patients with hepatitis A (10%). For hepatitis B, risk factors included medicare (24%), such as transfusion, surgical operation, accidental needle stick and acupuncture, and sexual contact (6%). For hepatitis non‐A, non‐B, the most important infectious cause was medical procedures (65%). The numbers of hospital employees were 2 (2%) with hepatitis A, 15 (11%) with hepatitis B and 14 (3%) with hepatitis non‐A, non‐B. These data suggest that hepatitis non‐A, non‐B can be a kin

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The incidence of HBV‐DNA polymerase, HBV‐DNA and serum and liver HBcAg in 104 chronic HBsAg carriers was studied. HBV‐DNA was the most frequently detected marker, followed by HBcAg and HBV‐DNAp. According to their individual or combined presence, four different serological patterns of viral replication were discerned: 53 patients had all these markers, 30 had HBV‐DNA but lacked HBV‐DNAp (15 with and 15 without HBcAg) and 21 had no such markers detectable. The simultaneous positivity for all of those markers was observed only in HBeAg‐positive patients. HBV‐DNA alone or along with HBcAg was found in a similar incidence irrespective of the HBe system. Liver HBcAg was found in all but four patients with and in four without HBV‐DNA. Viral DNA concentration was significantly (p<0.001) higher when HBV‐DNAp tested positive. Indeed, HBeAg rather than anti‐HBe patients had higher (p<0.005) levels of HBV‐DNA. In HBeAg‐positive patients, the nuclear HBcAg staining was significantly (p<0.05) higher when HBV‐DNAp tested positive. In DNA polymerase‐negative patients, but positive for HBV‐DNA, those with or without HBcAg had a similar percentage of core antigen staining. The same distribution was seen in anti‐HBe, HBV‐DNA‐positive patients. However, the mean percentage of hepatocytes displaying cytoplasmic HBcAg did not differ significantly among patients with HBV‐DNA, irrespective of the HBe system and the HBV‐DNAp status. Such patients had significantly (p<0.001) higher ALT levels than those without viral DNA. Active viral replication can be assessed differentially through any of these serum markers

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Blood gas analyses and hepatic blood flow were determined during hepatic vein catheterization in order to establish a possible hypoxic component in alcoholic liver disease. Fifty‐six patients (9 non‐cirrhotic liver disease, 14 cirrhosis Child‐Turcotte class A, 23 class B, 10 class C) and 10 control subjects were studied. Mean hepatic venous oxygen saturation and tension were almost the same in all groups, and hepatic blood flow was inversely correlated to the arteriohepatic venous oxygen difference (r = –0.53, P<0.01). Splanchnic oxygen uptake was similar in all groups studied. The arterio‐hepatic venous difference of base excess was small and of the same size in all groups, indicating no enhanced production of lactic acid in the liver. Our results do not support the concept that hepatic venous oxygen content is low in alcoholic liver disease and thereby contributes to hypoxic l

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The diagnostic and prognostic significance of IgM anti‐HBc, studied by a solid phase u‐antibody capture radioimmunoassay at a serum dilution of 1:4000, was prospectively evaluated in 73 adult patients with acute hepatitis seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Of the 73 cases, 20 (27.4%) cleared their HBsAg within 6 months, while the remaining 53 (72.6%) did not. HBsAg seroconversion to its antibody occurred in 15 (93.8%) of the 16 patients positive for IgM anti‐HBc with S/N ratios above 5.0, as did 5 (26.3%) of the 19 with S/N ratios between 2.1 to 5.0, and none (0%) of the 38 negative for IgM anti‐HBc (S/N ratios<2.1). Therefore, a S/N ratio of IgM anti‐HBc above 5.0 is diagnostic for acute type B hepatitis. However, low S/N ratios (2.1–5.0) of IgM anti‐HBc were observed in the early stage of some patients with acute type B hepatitis, and would increase to a level greater than 5.0 when assayed again 1–2 weeks later. It was therefore suggested that repeated testing of anti‐HBc IgM is mandatory for accurate diagnosis of acute type B hepatitis in patients whose initial serum specimens showed low S/N ratios of IgM anti‐HBc. According to this criterion, only 22 (30.1%) of the 73 patients with acute hepatitis seropositive for HBsAg in Taiwan were true acute type B hepatitis, of whom 2 (9.1%) subsequently became chronic HBsAg carriers, while the remaining 51 (69.9%) were chronic HBsAg carriers with other superimposed forms of

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY