摘要:

ABSTRACT—Nucleating factors are thought to be responsible for the more rapid nucleation of gallbladder bile from patients with gallstones as compared to controls. Biliary proteins and, in particular, mucus and non‐mucus glycoproteins are the focus of current research. Non‐protein nucleating factors were not extensively investigated. In this study we studied the role of free fatty acids (FFA) as possible nucleating factors. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid were added to model biles in increasing concentrations from 0 to 20 μmol/ml. The nucleation time of model biles decreased to 45%‐60% of the initial following the addition of 0.5 to 1 μmol/ml of each of the three fatty acids. Only a small further decrease in the nucleation time was noted with higher concentrations of up to 20 μmol/ml. The pronucleating effect of FFA added to whole model bile was also examined in the isolated vesicular and non‐vesicular fractions. The decrease in the nucleation time at each concentration of the three fatty acids was in the following order of magnitude: whole bile>vesicular phase>non‐vesicular phase. The addition of each of the three fatty acids resulted in a partial solubilization of vesicles, with transfer of their lipid contents to the non‐vesicular fraction. The effect was more marked with oleic acid and least marked with linoleic acid. The vesicular cholesterol to phospholipid ratio did not change following the addition of exogenous free fatty acids. Studies with labeled FFA showed that they migrated with the non‐vesicular fraction on gel chromatography. The three fatty acids exerted their nucleating effect at low concentration, which may be close to the physiologic range. Free fatty acids may thus be nucleating factors in human bile. Their pathophysiologic importance and mechanism of action remai

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The proliferative activity of Mallory bodies (MB)‐positive hepatocytes (neoplastic and non‐neoplastic) was examined by counting the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Among 19 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, the mean number of AgNORs was lower in the MB‐positive carcinoma cells than in the negative ones in nine cases, higher in six, and there was no difference in four. In non‐neoplastic cases (seven cases of advanced primary biliary cirrhosis and seven cases of alcoholic or nutritional liver injury), the mean number of AgNORs was lower in the MB‐positive hepatocytes than that in the negative ones in eight cases, and approximately equal in number in six cases. These findings imply that MB formation does not directly represent the level of proliferative activity of hepatocytes, regardless of whether they are malig

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—We studied the risk of post‐transfusion hepatitis (PTH) in recipients of blood collected from voluntary donors screened for HBsAg. Two hundred and fifty patients without any previous history of liver disease or transfusion were followed up for 12 months subsequent to cardiac surgery. Thirty‐five of them had closed‐heart surgery without receiving transfusion and served as controls. The remaining 215 patients received single‐point transfusions (mean 4 ± 2.4 units). None of the controls and 15 (6.9%) blood recipients developed PTH. Three (20%) patients had hepatitis‐B‐virus‐induced hepatitis while the remainder (80%) had non A, non B (NANB) hepatitis. The number of units of blood transfused and surrogate markers for development of PTH (donor alanine aminotransferase, anti‐HBc and anti‐HBs antibody) were not associated with the occurrence of PTH (p>0.05). Nine (60%) of the 15 patients developing PTH were asymptomatic. All the patients recovered from the PTH, except one who died of fulminant hepatitis. At the end of 1 year of follow‐up, none of the patients had evidence of chronic hepatitis. Only three (25%) of the patients with NANB‐PTH developed anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody during the follow‐up. We conclude that the incidence of PTH in India is similar to other parts of the world and NANB virus was the major cause of the PTH. The absence of chronicity and lack of seroconversion to anti‐HCV antibody in the majority of the patients after 1 year of follow‐up may suggest the possibility of a NANB virus other than HCV as

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A distal splenorenal (Warren) shunt was performed on a 39‐year‐old female with bleeding esophageal varices secondary to portal hypertension and cirrhosis. On the twelfth postoperative day, however, she rebled, and angiography revealed that the shunt was occluded. Using a percutaneous approach, successful balloon angioplasty and recanalization was performed. The patient did well and was discharged without further bleeding. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) appears to be effective in dilating occluded splenorenal shunts, obviating a second surgical procedure in high‐risk p

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—We previously observed a 75–90% decrease in concentration of biliary IgA after thermal injury to rat skin. Decrease in biliary IgA might result from an alteration in supply of polymeric IgA delivered to the hepatocyte or from an alteration in hepatocyte transfer of polymeric IgA into bile. In the present study, we examined the transfer of intravenously administered125I‐IgA into bile. Purified IR22 rat IgA myeloma protein consisting of both monomeric and polymeric IgA was labelled with125I. Sprague‐Dawley rats (140–180 g) received a 20–30% body surface area scald‐burn or sham treatment. The bile duct was cannulated 18–24 h later and125I‐IgA preparations were injected into the tail vein. Bile was collected under light ether anesthesia for 3 h. In rats injected with125I‐IR22 IgA myeloma protein there were no significant differences in total, TCA‐precipitable, or immunoprecipitable radioactivity in bile from burn‐injured or sham‐treated animals. On Bio‐Gel A‐1.5 m gel permeation, the radioactivity in bile from sham‐treated animals eluted in the region of polymeric IgA as expected; the radioactivity in the bile from burn‐injured animals eluted equally in the same regions as polymeric IgA and monomeric IgA. In sham‐treated rats injected with isolated polymeric IgA only, bile contained primarily polymeric IgA. In burn‐injured rats injected with polymeric IgA only, bile contained a mixture of polymeric IgA and monomeric IgA. These findings suggest that hepatocyte processing of polymeric IgA is altered after thermal injury, resulting in the transformation of some

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—This study evaluated whether liver regeneration could take place after massive or submassive necrosis of liver cells in 25 patients with several kinds of hepatic failure by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA positivity was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the patients who survived than in the patients who died. Furthermore, PCNA‐positive hepatocytes were recognized diffusely in the lobule of the liver in survivors. There was positive correlation between PCNA positivity and plasma concentration of AFP (α‐fetoprotein), (r = 0.77, P<0.01). These results show that liver regeneration could take place after massive necrosis of liver cells in survivors from acute hepatic failure and that immunohistochemical staining for PCNA is useful for prognostic eval

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—We report on 13 patients with a distinctive bile duct lesion that presented histologically as erythrocyte engorgement of the epithelium of the small bile ducts, resulting in a red‐beaded appearance. In ten of our cases, the lesion was associated with a recent history of cholangiography, and in two of our cases with vigorous manipulation of the distal biliary tree, raising the possibility that the hemorrhage might have been caused by increased pressure within the ducts during cholangiography or as a result of mechanical trauma to the biliary sys

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The hyperfucosylation of a number of glycoconjugates observed in liver diseases involves the action of several specific fucosyltransferases (F.T.) notably responsible for synthesizing histo‐blood group antigens. We determined the activities of α3, α2 and α3/4 F.T. in 35 liver biopsy samples from patients with fatty liver, alcoholic or post‐hepatic liver cirrhosis, primary or secondary biliary cirrhosis, acute hepatitis or a normal liver. F.T. activities were measured by transfer of GDP [14C] fucose to asialotransferrin for α3 F.T, to phenyl β‐D‐galactoside for α2 F.T. and to 2′ fucosyllactose for α3/4 F.T. The diseased liver extracts showed an early increase in non‐Le gene‐associated α3 F.T. activity (p = 0.001), which was related to the number of steatosic hepatocytes and the degree of intralobular inflammatory infiltration. Overexpression of this α3 F.T. provides an explanation for the strong expression of 3‐fucosyl lactosamine structures described in several hepatobiliary diseases. α2 F.T. levels were significantly elevated in the two groups of liver cirrhosis and acute hepatitis (p = 0.05), but not enough to consider α2 F.T. as a sensitive feature of mesenchymal cell injury. All Lewis‐positive biopsies displaying biliary alterations showed increased Le gene‐encoded α3/4 F.T. activity (p = 0.001), which was related to the intensity of neoductular proliferation. Elevated levels of α3/4 F.T may be a very

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—In an attempt to elucidate the effects of estrogen on polyamine metabolism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated mice, we assayed polyamine content and the activity of spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase (SAT) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in some organs. LPS elevated N'‐acetylspermidine levels in the liver and lung and putrescine levels in the liver, lung and spleen. LPS increased the activity of ODC at 6 h and that of SAT at 12 h in the liver. When estradiol‐17β was simultaneously administered with LPS, the maximum increase in hepatic N1‐acetylspermidine levels was found 6 h earlier than in the LPS control. Likewise, the peak of the hepatic SAT activity after LPS‐treatment was observed 6 h earlier in the estradiol‐17β‐treated mice than in the LPS control. No such effect of estradiol‐17β was found in the lung and spleen. The LPS‐induced ODC activity was not affected by estradiol‐17β in the liver, lung or spleen. Estrone and 16β‐ethylestradiol (an anti‐estrogen) were also effective in enhancing the LPS‐induced elevation of N1‐acetyl‐spermidine and putrescine in the liver, while both diethylstilbestrol, which has a potent estrogenic activity without steroid structure and estradiol‐17α (a non‐estrogenic isomer of estradiol‐17β) were without effect. Tamoxifen (an estrogen receptor antagonist) did not suppress the estrogen‐induce

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Wiese, Manfred.Non‐A, non‐B Hepatitis. Virus Hepatitis C. Forschung und Praxis.Travis SPL, Taylor R H, Misiewicz J J.Gastroenterology. Pocket consult

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY