摘要:

ABSTRACT—The activity of the lysosomal enzyme, β‐hexosaminidase, is increased in plasma of patients with various forms of liver disease as well as in plasma from rats with experimental cholestasis or cirrhosis. In this experimental study in the rat, the effect of porta‐caval shunt, ammonia infusion and ethanol feeding on plasma β‐hexosaminidase activity was studied. Porta‐caval shunted animals had significantly increased plasma β‐hexosaminidase activity compared to sham‐operated animals. Ammonia infusion in porta‐caval shunted rats resulted in a further increase of plasma enzyme activity. Ethanol feeding for different periods of time (1 day to 4 weeks) did not have any influence on plasma β‐he

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—To study the profile of alcoholic liver disease in India, 144 consecutive, histologically diagnosed patients were prospectively studied. The patients were divided into those having alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) (Gr. I, n = 32), alcoholic hepatitis (AH) (Gr. II, n = 42) and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) (Gr. III, n = 70) on the basis of their histological findings. All the patients were males, those with fatty liver being younger than those with cirrhosis. The amount of alcohol consumed by patients with AFL, AH and AC was not significantly different. Similarly, the duration of alcohol consumption was not significantly different between the three groups of patients. The clinical features of the patients were quite similar to those reported from the West, except that AH was relatively milder in our patients. Intake of poor quality country liquor was quite common (60%), but its use was not found to be associated with more severe liver injury as compared with the use of good quality foreign varieties of liquo

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Changes in the host interferon system during short‐term steroid hormone (prednisolone) withdrawal therapy in seven patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B were investigated by estimating thein vitrointerferon‐α production in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 2–5 oligoadenylate synthetase activity in the serum. The interferon‐α production induced by the Sendai virus and estimated in lymphocyte cultures was rapidly and significantly (p<0.01) reduced by prednisolone administration and subsequently followed by a recovery corresponding to its withdrawal. The serum 2–5 oligoadenylate synthetase activity showed a similar tendency to diminish under prednisolone administration and to revive during its withdrawal. In all four patients who developed an acute and transient post‐prednisolone withdrawal exacerbation a significant initial increase in serum HBV‐DNA levels was noted in accordance with the reduction in the host interferon system activity. The results suggest that the changes in the host interferon system activity, i.e. an initial fall and subsequent recovery as caused by a short‐term steroid administration with gradual withdrawal, appear to promote viral replication in the early phase and the development of acute and transient exacerbation of hepatitis in the post‐steroid withdrawal phase, which may lead to HBeAg/anti‐HBe seroconversion in HBeAg‐positive c

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—To evaluate if a drug that affects splanchnic and portal flow reduces intestinal bile acid absorption, we studied the effect of propranolol (40 mg oral dose) both on the response of total bile acids (SBA) to oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA 250 mg) and on the estimated hepatic flow by indocyanine green kinetics in 10 healthy and 14 cirrhotic subjects. In 18 subjects who showed a reduction in resting heart rate of almost ‐5%, propranolol significantly reduced the SBA area under the curve after CDCA in both healthy (μmol/l/h m±SD from 181.7 times 144.9 to 56.5±36.4 p<0.02) and cirrhotic (from 1412.1±1044.8 to 1129.2±978.8 p<0.01) subjects. Variable but not significant modifications were observed in estimated hepatic flow. These results suggest that the propranolol‐induced changes in SBA response to CDCA could be a reflex reaction to changes in splanchnic/p

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The effect of dosing paracetamol, 4.25 g/kg BW, twice weekly for 18 weeks was assessed in female Wistar rats 24 h after the last dose. Hepatic function, estimated as the prothrombin index, was more depressed in rats given one paracetamol dose than in chronically treated rats. Cytochrome P‐450 and protein concentrations in liver homogenate and microsomes were higher in chronically treated rats. Urinary excretion of paracetamol glucuronide and mercapturate was higher and paracetamol sulfate unchanged after the chronic treatment. Hepatic glutathione was identically depleted after one dose and chronic paracetamol treatment. Histological examination of livers from chronically treated animals showed varying degrees of centrilobular necrosis. We conclude that long‐term treatment with paracetamol in toxic doses leads to partial maintenance of the well‐known protective effect after a few toxic doses. Signs of chronic toxicity consisted of weight loss, progressing to death. We suggest this chronic toxicity to be due to methionine/cysteine deficiency since urinary excretion of sulfur‐containing paracetamol metabolites closely corresponds to calculated dietary intake of sulfur‐containing

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR) and ras oncogene product p21 was simultaneously examined in 37 cases with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC) by means of an immunocytochemical method. While normal livers were all negative for any of the antigens at the concentration of the antibodies used, EGF‐R was positive in 12 (32.4%) CCs, EGF in 22 (59.5%), and ras p21 in 33 (89.2%). The positive incidence of the three antigens was not different among the histologic subtypes of the tumor. However, the number of EGF‐R‐ and ras p21‐positive tumor cells decreased with progressing histologic tumor grade, but the expression of EGF was not associated with the tumor grade. Expression of the three antigens was not related to the degree of metastatic spread of the tumor. Simultaneous expression of the three antigens was seen only in 4 CCs, and that of EGF‐R and EGF in 4, EGF‐R and ras p21 in 12, and EGF and ras p21 in 20. These data suggest that the expression of EGF, EGF‐R and ras p21 on CC cells is not related to the tumor aggressiveness, and the activation of each respective gene is independent. Furthermore, the data also indicate that an autocrine model for tumor growth, as suggested by a combination of EGF and EGF‐R, may be applicable only to very lim

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Thirty consecutive alcoholic patients with biopsy‐proven cirrhosis of the liver and oesophageal varices underwent a total of 47 upper intestinal endoscopies. During 31 of the endoscopies paravariceal sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices was performed. Blood cultures were drawn before and after the procedures. Bacteriaemia after endoscopy was detected on seven occasions: six after sclerotherapy and one after endoscopy without sclerotherapy. This difference did not reach statistical significance. The microorganisms cultured belonged to the normal flora of the skin or the oropharynx. Bacteriaemia was transient and had no clinical consequen

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The aim of the present study was to determine if data on the number and acinar distribution of apoptotic bodies (AB) in normal liver could help in the understanding of cell kinetics in the liver, and the mechanism of early ethanol‐induced liver damage. Normal male Sprague‐Dawley rats were studied. They had free access to Purina chow and drinking water. Ethanol‐treated rats received the drug at increasing concentration in drinking water for 5 weeks. The following parameters were measured: number of AB in the lobule, topographical localization, distance from terminal hepatic veins (THV), i.e. row of hepatocytes concerned, H1 being the closest to the THV. The results show that AB are rare in the normal liver and are always observed in zone 3, next to the THV. Of 149 THV examined, 56 showed one associated AB, exceptionally two. 74% of the AB were confined to the first row of hepatocytes (H1), 21% to H2, 4% to H3, and 1% to H4. In ethanol‐treated rats the mean number of AB was 2 or 3 for each THV. 42% were found in H1, 32% in H2, 15% in H3, 7% in H4, and 4% in H5. The data show that AB are not randomly dispersed in normal liver but show a preferential acinar distribution. In addition, most AB are located in the row of liver cells immediately adjacent to the THV. If apoptosis is indeed an expression of physiological cell renewal, these findings support the concept that zone 3 contains older hepatocytes. In ethanol‐treated animals, besides the O2lobular gradient and increased rate of formation of intermediate metabolites, the age of pericentral hepatocytes may represent an additional risk factor in ethanol‐induced

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Dynamic contractions of bile canaliculi have been observed in cultured doublet hepatocytes by means of time‐lapse cinephotomicrography, and this contractile movement plays an important role in bile secretion. Although details of the mechanism are still unknown, the Ca2+‐calmodulin system is believed to play a main role in this mechanism. In this study we measured the intracellular Ca2+concentration of individual doublet hepatocytes using the Ca2+indicator “fura 2” and microscopic fluorometry. We also observed the effects of A23187, norepinephrine and epinephrine on bile canalicular contraction and intracellular Ca2+concentration. After loading 1 μmol/1 fura 2 in doublet cells, we added A23187, epinephrine or norepinephrine and then measured the Ca2+concentration in a given small area in the cytoplasm of individual doublet cell. A23187, norepinephrine and epinephrine caused a prompt increase of the intracellular Ca2+concentration and also caused bile canalicular contraction. The present study indicates that the sudden increase of intracellular Ca2+concentration causes bile canalicular contraction through the Ca2+‐calmo

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—A chart review of chronic hepatitis cases at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Roslagstull Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, revealed 37 patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, caused by blood transfusions or intravenous gammaglobulin infusions. They had been followed up long‐term, mean 46 months (range 10–149). During the initial hepatitis episode most patients had been anicteric and 13/37 (35%) asymptomatic. Yet, the majority developed progressive liver disease with chronic active hepatitis, with or without histological signs of cirrhosis. Thus, 10/18 (56%) on whom a liver biopsy had been performed within 7–12 months had chronic active hepatitis, four (22%) with histological signs of cirrhosis, and of the five patients biopsied after ≥5 years of follow‐up, three (60%) had histological signs of cirrhosis. Accordingly, as the duration of follow‐up increases, an increasing number of patients with post‐transfusion non‐A, non‐B hepatitis se

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1988.tb00989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY