摘要:

ABSTRACT—Eighty‐seven publications in English on endoscopic bile duct stenting for palliation of obstructive jaundice were electronically or manually retrieved. Only eight of these studies were found to represent series of more than 20 patients and to include only a single presentation of data from patients published more than once. These eight studies refer to data on 856 patients, of whom 702 are from four open series, whereas 154 are from four randomized trials comparing endoscopic insertion of endoprosthesis to percutaneous stents or surgical by‐pass. Endoscopic insertion was successful in about 90% of the patients. Stent diameters were 7–12 French. Patient survival was not affected as it is governed by the natural history of the underlying malignant disease. Endoscopic endoprosthesis was superior to percutaneous stenting and equal to surgical by‐pass, but probably less resource consuming. The most important unsolved problem is the tendency to cholangitis and clogging of endoprostheses. Some suggestions concerning questions to be addressed in a more uniform manner in future publications on this subject are

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Pit cells, which are recovered in low density fraction of lymphocytes derived from the liver (L‐Fr. 1,2), are recognized as perisinusoidal cells. In the present study, the accumulation of liver‐derived low (L‐Fr. 1,2) and high (L‐Fr.3,4) density51Cr‐labeled lymphocytes was assessed in the liver, spleen and peripheral blood of syngeneic BALB/c mice in comparison with those derived from the spleen (S‐Fr.1,2 and S‐Fr.3,4) and peripheral blood (P‐Fr.1,2 and P‐Fr.3,4). L‐Fr. 1,2, L‐Fr.3,4 and P‐Fr.1,2 accumulated selectively in the liver, whereas P‐Fr.3,4 did not accumulate in the liver. L‐Fr.3,4 was composed of two major subpopulations; Thy l+CD4+ and Thy1 + CD8 +. This suggested that L‐Fr.3,4 were distinctive from P‐Fr.3,4 or L‐Fr.1,2 and inhabited the liver. P‐Fr.1,2 and S‐Fr.1,2 tended to accumulate in the liver and51Cr labeled P‐Fr.1,2 and S‐Fr.1,2 were recovered mainly in L‐Fr.1,2, L‐Fr.3,4, S‐Fr.1,2 and P‐Fr.3,4 48 h after the transfer of these cells, suggesting that a part of P‐Fr.1,2 and S‐Fr.1,2 might be in dynamic equilibrium with those of L‐Fr.1,2 and could be a part of the source of L‐Fr.3,4. Results also suggested that some of L‐Fr.1,2 of T cell lineage might change into L‐Fr.3,4 in the liver and might be released into the systemic circulation. Thereafter, L‐Fr.3,4 might

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The transport of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) and their influence on bile formation was investigated in rats treated with bromobenzene (BZ), a toxicant which selectively destroys zone 3 of the hepatic acinus. The necrosis equals 27–31% of the acinus cells. The absence of zone 3 in rats reduced the secretory rate maximum of CA and CDC by 18% (NS) and 25% (p<0.05), respectively. The maximum bile flow was not different from control during CA infusion but was lower during CDC infusion in BZ‐treated animals. Although the bile acid concentration was lower in BZ‐treated rats, only values obtained during the basal period and the beginning of the infusion reached the level of statistically significant difference. The bile salt‐independent flow (BSIF) was not affected by the absence of zone 3. Our data suggest that zones 1 and 2 of the hepatic acinus can compensate for the secretion of CA and elaboration of BSIF when zone 3 is destroyed. However, necrosis of zone 3 reduces CDC secretion. Thus, the capacity for bile acid transport of the hepatocytes of different zones in the hepatic acinus may differ according to the circulating

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—Indirect evidence points to extrarenal organs, presumably the liver, as the site of degradation of erythropoietin (EPO). The metabolism of both fully glycosylated and desialated intrinsically labelled35S‐Cysteine recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) was therefore studied in isolated Wistar rat livers perfused in a recirculating mode for 180 min with a hemoglobin‐free medium containing rhEPO. Perfusate and bile levels of rhEPO were measured by RIA. Total35S‐radioactivity in liver, bile and perfusate as well as non‐acid precipitable radioactivity in perfusate were determined. In addition, detection of35S‐radioactivity was performed after subcellular fractionation of rat livers perfused with desialo‐35S‐Cysteine rhEPO. While concentrations of fully glycosylated35S‐Cysteine rhEPO did not exhibit any detectable decrease during perfusion, desialo‐35S‐Cysteine rhEPO was rapidly cleared from the perfusate. After 60 min of perfusion, only 32% of the initial levels of both immunoreactive rhEPO and total radioactivity remained in the perfusate. Quantitative hepatic accumulation of desialated tracer was demonstrated. Subcellular fractionation showed extensive hepatic degradation of the desialated tracer. Furthermore, during perfusion progressively larger amounts of small molecular weight degradation products of the tracer were found in the perfusate. Bile excretion of both fully glycosylated and desialated tracer was negligible. The significance of hepatic metabolism of desialo‐35S‐Cysteine rhEPO was supported by reduced removal of desialo‐35S‐Cysteine rhEPO from plasma in hepatectomized rats. It is hypothesized that continuousin vivodesialation is a crucial rate‐limiting step in the

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The lysosomal enzyme β‐hexosaminidase (Hex) was studied immunohisto‐chemically with a monoclonal antibody in normal human livers and in livers with cirrhosis and cholestasis. No reaction was detected in sections from normal livers. The reaction in diseased livers was prominent mainly in degenerating hepatocytes, whereas Kupffer cells and bile duct epithelium showed faint reactivity. The reaction product was intense in degenerated hepatocytes, especially in the periphery of the pseudolobules in cirrhotic livers. In cholestatic livers the positivity was localized around central veins in cells with bile pigment. The more pigment, the stronger was the reaction. It is suggested that the elevated level of serum Hex found in cirrhosis and cholestasis derives from degenerating hepatocytes and activated Kupffer

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—The expression of large (pre‐S1), middle (pre‐S2), major S (S) polypeptides of the envelope (HBs) and X peptides of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was investigated in 37 liver specimens with chronic hepatitis B by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Primary antisera utilized were polyclonal ones against HBs (poly‐HBs), core (HBc) and X and monoclonal ones against pre‐Sl, pre‐S2 and S with (particle‐S) or without (peptide‐S) conformational structure. The localization of HBs proteins in hepatocytes was classified into three types: diffuse, membranous and inclusion. The peptide‐S and pre‐S2 were expressed at nearly the same frequency as poly‐HBs in all types, whereas particle‐S was found less frequently (18/29 cases) in the inclusion type, and pre‐S1 was recognized relatively rarely (9/33 cases) in the membranous type. As for staining intensity, peptide‐S and pre‐S2 were almost identical to poly‐HBs which stained the most strongly among all three staining types. Particle‐S was similar to poly‐HBs in the membranous type, but was weak in the inclusion type in the majority. While pre‐S1 was stained in a similar intensity to poly‐HBs in the diffuse and inclusion types, it was weak or negative in the membranous type. Thus, envelope particles indicated by particle‐S staining appeared to be located most frequently in the membranous type, but their assembly might be suppressed in the inclusion type where pre‐S1 was well expressed. The X peptide was more frequently detected in the liver with serum HBe antigen and/or HBV DNA. The X peptide was stained exclusively in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and was correlated with the cytoplasmic HBc antigen. The X peptide was not observed differently between cases with and those without cirrhosis. This suggests that the expression of X peptide tends to occur with virus r

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—We studied the histochemistry of Ca in livers treated with CCl4, diltiazem (one of the Ca antagonists), and both agents together to determine whether hepatocytes or other parts of the liver in liver lesions show Ca staining and whether the grade or location of Ca in these injuries varies. For Ca staining, cryostat sections were treated by the glyoxal‐bis‐(2‐hydroxyanil) (GBHA)‐method using O.C.T. imbedding compound instead of paraffin. Diltiazem‐treated rats showed Ca granules in the bile canaliculi around the terminal hepatic veins and Kupffer cells 6 h after intragastric injection. Rats treated with CCl4showed fine red granules in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes around the terminal hepatic veins as soon as 5 min mildly and 2 h moderately after intraperitoneal injection. Hepatocytes around the terminal hepatic veins showed positive Ca granules 6 to 30 h after intragastric injection of CCl4. Hepatocytes stained by Ca showed acidophilic degeneration and coagulative necrosis. The hepatocytes of rats treated with both diltiazem and CCl4revealed fewer Ca granules than those treated with CCl4alone. In summary, Ca was stained by the GBHA method from the early stage of liver injury by CCl4and was closely involved in acidophilic degeneration and coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes. The Ca staining in liver cells in CCl4‐treated rats was decreased

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT—To determine whether von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a valid marker of liver endothelial cells, we determined vWF immunoreactivity in rat and guinea pig liver sections and in smears of elutriated nonparenchymal cells isolated from these two species. In frozen sections, positive staining for vWF was seen only in the endothelium lining large hepatic vessels in both species, and no immunoactivity was detected in the sinusoids. On the other hand, immunohistochemical staining for vimentin (a marker of mesenchymal cells) showed positive reaction throughout the vascular and sinusoidal endothelial cells in both the rat and guinea pig liver. In fractions of elutriated rat and guinea pig nonparenchymal liver cells, which included almost exclusively liver endothelial cells, only 25–40% of the cells displayed a positive reaction for vWF. However, when these same fractions were stained for vimentin, 70–95% of the cells exhibited immunoreactivity. Most of the vWF‐negative cells were not red and white blood cells, biliary epithelial and Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes, and had ultrastructural features of sinusoidal endothelial cells. We conclude that in both the rat and guinea pig, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells do not exhibit vWF immunoreactivity. Thus, in routine immunohistochemical assays, vWF is not an accurate marker of rat and guinea pig liver endothelial cells. Vimentin is more appropriate for this purpose, provided that other mesenchymal cells are separated or independently ide

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0106-9543    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1990.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY