摘要:

For efficient polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic devices, such as CIS and CdTe, cadmium sulfide is the commonly used window material, and an inexpensive method for preparing thin films of CdS is by solution growth. In research at Martin Marietta, thin films of CdS were deposited onto glass and indium tin oxide-coated glass substrates using an optimized chemical immersion technique which minimizes chemical waste. Solubility equilibria and film-growth rate constants were determined for cadmium salts in NH4CI and NH4OH buffered systems to characterize and optimize process conditions for stable solution-grown cadmium sulfide. Results will be presented which relate process variables to cadmium sulfide film quality.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919208909766

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines environmental, health and safety issues associated with the production and use of CdTe photovoltaic modules. Handling of Cd and Te in photovoltaic production can present hazards to health, safety and the environment. Prior recognition of these hazards can allow device manufacturers time to implement appropriate hazard management strategies. The most important health hazards are probably related to chronic low-level exposures to Cd, especially to workers in manufacturing facilities. Because of the long latency period associated with the development of health effects arising from such exposures, and the availability of environmental and biomonitoring protocols, such hazards can be monitored and controlled. The true hazard presented by CdTe is very uncertain because characterizations of its inherent biological toxicity are based on extrapolation of data from other Cd compounds. Technical and institutional mechanisms for the recycling of spent CdTe modules may be needed to ensure public acceptance of this material option and to eliminate expensive disposal costs.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919208909767

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919208909768

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor