摘要:

For almost two decades now, the Commission of the European Communities has been carrying out multi-annual and shared-cost research programmes on renewable energy sources with particular focus on solar, wind and biomass.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909818

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Considerable opportunities exist, most particularly (though by no means exclusively) in the design of new buildings, to integrate renewable energy technologies and thus reduce or even replace conventional energy sources. These technologies can include passive and active solar heating and cooling, and photovoltaic power. Such strategies to improve the energetic performance of buildings and to reduce their environmental impact will always be complemented by conservation and energy efficiency measures.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909819

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Indoor air quality has become an issue of increasing concern. The causes were mainly associated with some energy conservation measures, particularly reductions in ventilation levels, originated by the oil crisis of the 70's meanwhile, the real causes for indoor air pollution have been identified and great scientific and technical progress towards a better knowledge of the scientific basis of indoor air quality has been accomplished in recent years.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909820

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The term “solar architecture”is a very dangerous one. As we were always told, there is architecture as to create shelter for people. We have architecture for big people, small people, white people, black people, any kind of colour of people, healthy people, disabled people. And you start thinking to yourself, making these classifications. Does that help? And you probably have architecture for all of them. So there is disabled architecture or black architecture, lbelieve we should say that there isn't. It is quite simple: there is good architecture and there is bad architecture. Good architecture has to take care of all these factors, of solar energy as well. Probably there is a problem that, particularly in the later years, architects have actually not done that. But if you study history you will come to the conclusion, that the solar “factor” has always influenced good architecture? The Jama Manta Observatory in Jaipur where the Shajahan created enormous buildings to actually follow the paths of the sun, you could say are the purest form of solar architecture, but first of it is beautiful architecture. The same is true for Saint Chapel, it is very good architecture, but it is solar architecture, because it wouldn't work without the

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909821

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Natural daylight is an inexpensive and very efficient light source provided that the amount of daylight entering a building is controlled according to demand. In commercial buildings electricity for lighting can be cut by 50-75% using daylighting design techniques in combination with efficient artificial lighting. New lighting control technologies and advanced computer simulation tools lo optimize large buildings makes it possible to exploit these energy savings.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909822

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The characteristics of the building's energy consumption in Southern Europe are analysed. The energy potential of solar energy for heating and lighting purposes as well as the potential of passive cooling techniques are investigated. The ecological impact of the energy saving technologies as well as the market opportunities of the alternative technologies are discussed.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909823

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new solar radiation atlas for Europe up to the Ural and including neighbouring mediterranean territories will be produced by a European group of experts. The atlas will be oriented towards the needs of the users like solar architects and engineers, respecting the state of the art of their working field and their need of precise input data.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909824

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There is a clear need for renewable energy and PV is a very attractive renewable energy source. The paper describes the different requirements for photovoltaic materials and compares these materials on the basis of these requirements. Silicon in general and crystalline silicon in particular fullfil the largest part of the current PV-market and the technological issues of this materials are therefore described in more detail from source(feedstock) material, over crystallization and wafering up to cell and module fabrication. The potentiality to serve the market and the ecological impact are extremely large and encouraging. Industrial capacity is increasing. Some applications are economic already now at current prices, but the large electrical market penetration can only come if conversion efficiencies are increased and cost is reduced further by accelerating the increase in production volumes and R&D efforts considerably.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909825

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The development of photovoltaic solar energy (PV) has accelerated in the past decade. On the one hand, the improvements in solar cell types are very promising, while, on the other hand, the market for autonomous (off-grid) applications has grown substantially.

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909826

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Stand alone systems represent more than 80% of the market and are most often used in isolated and less developed areas. They are used for three types of applications: service application, isolated buildings, islands and small communities. The three topics are complementary: technology maturity is the result of service application experience; island systems have to supply main collective needs and economic activities in “solarized areas, PV houses will be the “Pace Setter”

ISSN:0142-5919    

DOI:10.1080/01425919408909827

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor