摘要:

AbstractMice injected with inactivated (UV light‐irradiated) influenza virus produce specific antibody, become sensitized for a delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction, but do not generate specific cytotoxic T (Tc) cells. If injected 4–5 days later with infectious virus, the formation of Tccells is suppressed by>90%. If A strain viruses are used, the suppression observed is cross‐reactive within A strain viruses but does not extend to B/LEE or to Sendai virus. Serum from mice injected with UV‐irradiated virus contains antibodies which on adoptive transfer can inhibit Tccell formation when infectious homologous virus is used to challenge the recipients. Spleen cells from the same mice, upon adoptive transfer, also inhibit (50–70%) Tccell formation if transferred within 24 h of injection of infectious virus, and the specificity pattern observed is cross‐reactive within A strains. The activitiy of the cells mediating suppression is destroyed by monospecific anti‐Thy‐1.2 antibody and complement. The immune cells require I region sharing between donor and recipient mice for their suppressor activity to be effective. (There is also a partial requirement for K. D region sharing, but the possible rejection of transferred cells is not excluded.) Dilution assays in which clonal expansion of Tcprecursors is used to estimate their frequency and the presence of T helper (Th) cells indicate that suppressed mice possess Tcprecursors and primed cells which, upon restimulation, act as Thcells. Furthermore, injection of irradiated Thcells with inactivated virus does not significantly reduce the en

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have previously shown that hapten‐augmentable plaque‐forming cells are cells whose secretion of antibody is inhibited by the binding of auto‐anti‐idiotype antibody to cell surface antigen receptors. Using hapten augmentation of plaque formation, it was shown in the present report that auto‐anti‐idiotype antibodies are produced during the primary and secondary responses to both thymus‐dependent und thymus‐independent antigens. In the secondary response to the T‐independent antigen trinitrophenylated Ficoll, the rate of appearance of auto‐anti‐idiotype antibody was faster, and the number of hapten‐augmentable plaques was greater than in the primary response suggesting an anamnestic auto‐anti‐idiotype response. With the T‐dependent antigen, trinitrophenylated bovine gamma‐globulin, the kinetics and magnitude of the auto‐anti‐idiotypic antibody response were relatively similar in the primary and secondary responses. However, a lower concentration of hapten was required to reveal the hapten‐augmentable plaques in the secondary response. This is in keeping with the usual finding that secondary antibody to T‐dependent antigens is of very high affinity. Both direct and indirect hapten‐augmentable plaque‐forming cells were detected suggesting that the secretion of both IgM and IgG antibodies is regulated by auto‐anti‐idiotype antibodies. The data are consistent with a role for auto‐anti‐idiotype antibody in the normal down‐regulation of the immun

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo‐dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze the surface glycoproteins of murine thymocytes and lymph node cells. Two‐dimensional maps of unselected, radioiodinated lymphocyte surface proteins were complex, showing at least 20 different components, but simpler patterns were obtained by using rabbit antibodies directed against the surface proteins of a T lymphoma cell line, to precipitate xenoantigens from lysates of radioiodinated or biosynthetically labeled thymocytes and lymph node cells. These xenoantibodies precipitated 12–13 distinct components from each cell type, of which all but 3 were sialoglycoproteins. Two types of difference between the surface glycoproteins of thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes could be detected. First, higher mol. wt. glycoproteins and Thy‐1 are more acidic in peripheral lymphocytes than in thymocytes, and this difference disappears after neuraminidase treatment. One additional high mol. wt. glycoprotein is also detectable in peripheral lymphocytes, probably reflecting the greater carbohydrate complexity of these molecules, when expressed on such cells. Second, 3 glycoproteins are strongly labeled only on thymocytes, and 3 others only on peripheral lymphocytes. These 6 glycoproteins might represent genuine differentiation a

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCell cholesterol is believed to be confined mainly to the plasma membrane. Treatment here of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with cholesterol‐free and cholesterol‐containing liposomes to effect, respectively, decreases or increases in cholesterol content measurable by chemical analysis, markedly altered effector functions of the cells. Depletion of cholesterol evoked inhibition of spontaneous and phytobemag‐glutinin‐dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity against allogeneic target cells. Opposite effects resulted from cholesterol enrichment, with PHA‐dependent and antibody‐dependent cytotoxicities increasing significantly. Treatment, instead, with the known inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, 25‐hydroxycholesterol, had suppressive effects like those resulting from lowering the cholesterol level physically by liposome treatment. Our data suggest that the plasma membrane cholesterol content of different categories of lymphocytes in man is both essential and regulatory for their cytot

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious procedures were used to derive continuously growing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones from a primary culture containing responder cells from immunized mice and 3‐(p‐sulfophenyldiazo)‐4‐hydroxylphenyl acetic acid (SP)‐or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FL)‐coupled stimulator cells. It seems likely that CTL have to undergo some change, possibly genetic, to be able to grow continuously in T cell growth factor conditioned medium in the absence of any stimulator or filler cells. The most convenient and reliable procedure to generate CTL clones with different specificities was to establish from several aliquots of a primary culture cell populations continuously growing in medium conditioned with T cell growth factor(s). Clones with different specificities segregated in the different populations. SP‐and FL‐specific CTL clones restricted to H‐2Kk, and H‐2Ddand two FL‐specific CTL clones with no apparent H‐2 re

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the presence of a colony‐stimulating factor, murine bone marrow cells proliferate and differentiate into macrophages. This culture system was taken as a model to study the expression of various functions by macrophages in the course of maturation. Several tests were performed daily and in parallel from the same batch of cells. It was found that certain functions were expressed early and were also characteristic for mature macrophages such as Fc receptors, phagocytosis of latex beads and unspecific' esterase activity. Other functions appeared and disappeared in an ordered sequence, such as the response to macrophage migration inhibitory factor and chemotactic factor as well as the production of interferon and of plasminogen activator. The time course of functional expression was strongly dependent on proliferation of precursor cells as well as proliferation of differentiated macrophages. It is suggested that the phenotypic expression of functions during differentiation is the basis for the functional heterogeneity of macrophage

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA hybridoma secreting RNA‐binding autoantibody has been produced by fusion of spleen cells from autoimmune NZB/NZW F1mice with drug‐resistant IgG2b,‐producing myeloma cells from BALB/c mice. Studies on the specificity of the purified monoclonal autoantibody revealed: (a) absolute specificity for ribopolynucleotides as compared with deoxyribopolynucleotides; (b) specificity for single‐stranded RNA as compared with double‐stranded RNA; (c) high affinity for the random copolymer poly(G, C); and (d) preference for the random heteropolymer poly(G, C, U). These studies were complemented by stoichiometric measurements of the antibody‐RNA complex and computer analysis of the abundance of various di‐, tri‐and tetranucleotide sequences in native RNA. Taken together, these data suggest that the anti‐genie determinant recognized by the monoclonal autoantibody is largely composed of a trinucleotide sequence of single‐stranded RNA containing

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn recent studies, we have characterized two memory B cell populations capable of giving rise to IgG antibody‐producing cells in adoptive recipients. One population carries surface IgD and gives rise to predominantly low‐affinity antibody responses; the other lacks detectable surface IgD and gives rise to predominantly high‐affinity responses. These memory populations often coexist in individual donors for long periods of time; however, in strongly stimulated donors, the IgD+population is lost after several weeks, and nearly all detectable B cell memory is IgD−thereafter. In this publication, we show that the IgD+and IgD−memory populations represent B cells at two successive stages of antigen‐dependent differentiation. We used the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) in a double isolation and transfer protocol to show directly that FACS‐isolated IgD+memory cells transferred to adoptive recipients give rise both to IgG antibody‐producing cells and to an expanded memory population that is predominantly IgD−. We also show that FACS‐isolated IgD−memory populations from the original donor “self‐renew” (i.e.give rise to more IgD‐memory) in adoptive recipients and that these events require supplementation of the isolated memory cells with carrier‐primed T cells and antigen.In discussing these findings, we integrate our data with previous evidence on the expression of surface IgG on memory B cells to create an updated view of surface Ig expression during memory development. We also consider these findings in the light of our recent suggestion that the loss of IgD receptors facilitates affinity maturation in the mor

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecific anti‐allotype reagents were prepared to detect heavy and light chain allotypes on surface immunoglobulin‐positive (sIg+) cells from a3a3b4b4, a2a2b5b5homozygous and a2a3b4b5heterozygous rabbits. Total sIg+peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were detected with fluorescein‐labeled goat anti‐light chain and sheep anti‐rabbit Ig reagents. The total sIg+cells detected with these reagents and the sum of a and b allotypes individually measured with specific fluorescent anti‐allotype reagents (a2 + a3 or b4 + b5) were more or less the same when measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) II flow microfluorometry. The data provided no evidence for single cells expressing both allelic allotypes (allelic inclusion). We found that FACS and rosetting techniques were generally equally sensitive. However, we detected a greater proportion of total b4+plus b5+cells by rosetting than by fluorescence in some PBL preparations from heterozygous b4b5rabbits. This was not seen with artificial mixtures of b4b4and b5b5cells. The nature of these cells is not yet known. Conceivably, they were not scored as lymphocytes by light‐scatter analysis on the FACS and hence were not counted, but were indistinguishable from lymphocyte

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMurine cytolytic T cell lines have been analyzed for the expression of two surface glycoproteins called T 145 and T 130. T 145, known to be expressed by activated cytolytic T cells, is also expressed by such lines, but T 130, which has been described as a universal T cell marker, is not. Our results suggest a structural relationship between T 145 and T 130.Vicia villosalectin, which binds selectively to T 145 of activated T cells and which is cytotoxic for cytolytic T cell lines, has been used to select lectin‐resistant mutants from these lines. Five independent lectin‐resistant mutants have been obtained. All of them are cytolytically active, bind up to 100‐fold less lectin than the parental lines, but still express T 145 or a closely related glycopr

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830101111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY