摘要:

AbstractAntigen‐binding inhibition studies using microscopic autoradiography were performed on T or B cell‐enriched lymphocyte populations. Antibodies specific for the “framework” of immunoglobulin heavy or light chain variable domains (VHor VL), or anti‐H‐2 and anti‐Ia antisera were used. T cell subclasses were separated with anti‐Lyt antisera and complement. It was found that antigen‐binding T cells of different subclasses can be inhibited selectively with only one of the two anti‐V region antibodies. Antigen binding to Lyt‐1+cells was inhibited by anti‐VH, while Lyt‐2+,3+cells were inhibited by anti‐VLspecifically. Anti‐Ia antisera inhibited unprimed Lyt‐1+antigen‐binding cells, whereas anti‐H‐2K or anti‐H‐2D antisera inhibited unprimed Lyt‐2+,3+antigen‐binding cells, and b

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRat lymphoid cells have been labeled with sodium 3H‐borohydride after periodate oxidation. The labeled glycoproteins were solubilized in detergent and analyzed by fluorography after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Major bands were found at 150 000, 95 000 and 25 000 apparent mol.wt. for thymocytes; at 170 000 and 95 000 mol. wt. for T lymphocytes and at 200 000 mol.wt. for B lymphocytes. Bone marrow cells showed a diffuse band at 100 000 mol.wt. with relatively minor bands around 150 000 mol.wt. With the exception of the 95 000 mol. wt. bands, all these glycoproteins bound to lentil lectin.Using monoclonal or monospecific antibodies in immunoprecipitation and on antibody affinity columns, each of these glycoprotein bands was identified as a previously defined lymphocyte differentiation antigen. The bands at 150 000 mol.wt. on thymocytes, at 170 000 on T lymphocytes, at 200 000 on B lymphocytes, and at 130 000 to 150 000 on bone marrow cells all consist of a leukocyte‐common antigen, which has previously been shown to be present on leukocytes but not on other tissues. At least a part of the 95 000 mol.wt. band on thymocytes, T lymphocytes and bone marrow cells is the W3/13 antigen previously shown to be on mature T lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, and in brain. The 25 000 mol.wt. band of thymocytes is the Thy‐1 antigen.Similar experiments were carried out on thymocytes labeled with125I by the lactoperoxidase method. An intense band at 150 000 mol. wt. was identified as the leukocyte‐common antigen by immunoprecipitation. A labeled band, which did not bind to lentil lectin, was immunoprecipitated at 95 000 mol. wt. with W3/13 antibody. Rat Thy‐1 antigen was not labeled

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnresponsiveness of strain A/J mice to sensitization with guinea pig IgG anti‐A5A idiotypic antibody is induced by prior injection of guinea pig IgG2anti‐A5A idiotypic antibody or unfractionated anti‐A5A antiserum. Two different forms of unresponsiveness could be induced depending on the dose of IgG2anti‐A5A: high‐zone suppression was maximal one week after injection, could not be transferred by lymphocytes and disappeared within 3 to 4 weeks. Low‐zone suppression took 7 weeks to fully develop and could be transferred by splenic and lymph node T cells.High‐zone suppression is expressed as transient unresponsiveness in both the A5A‐idiotype‐positive T helper as well as B precursor cell compartments. Low‐zone, suppressor cell‐mediated suppression is expressed as chronic unresponsiveness in the A5A‐idiotype‐positive T helper cell compartment only, whereas the A5A‐idiotype‐positive B precursor cells remain fully responsive as revealed by addition of nonsuppressed T helper cells. These data satisfactorily explain that suppression of T helper cell‐independent idiotypes does not involve T suppressor cells. However, since the presence of suppressor T cells is accompanied by selective unresponsiveness of A5A‐positive B cells, the data imply that idiotypic restr

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIdiotypic restrictions are demonstratedin vitrofor the cooperation between T and B lymphocytes with specificity for Group A streptococcal carbohydrate. T helper cells which have been primedin vivowith anti‐idiotypic antibodies to the A5A idiotype and which are therefore essentially A5A idiotype‐positive, cooperate only with A5A idiotype‐positive B cells, even when mixtures of A5A idiotype‐positive and A5A idiotype‐negative B cells are present. Essentially A5A idiotype‐negative T helper cells that have been primedin vivowith Group A streptococcal vaccine afterin vivosuppression with anti‐A5A idiotypic antibody are unable to cooperate with B cells which have been primed with anti‐A5A idiotype antibody and which are therefore essentially A5A idiotype‐positive. Mixtures of A5A idiotype‐negative and A5A idiotype‐positive T cells cooperate with both A5A idiotype‐negative and A5A idiotype‐positive B cells.Idiotypic restrictions could not be demonstrated for T and B cells recognizing carrier and hapten determinants, respectively, in experiments in which the cooperation of genetically VH‐identical T and B cells was compared to the cooperation of genetically VH‐different T and B cells. The data are discussed with respect to various models for the communication between T and B cells. It is proposed that for successful T‐B cooperation, ordinarily two types of T helper cells are required, one recognizing the antigen and the other recogni

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntigen‐independent cooperation between T and B lymphocytes is demonstratedin vitroin two different experimental protocols: (a) B cells from A/J mice immunizedin vivoeither with Group A streptococcal vaccine (Strep.A) or with the IgG1fraction of guinea pig anti‐idiotypic antibody to the A5A idiotype, mature into plaque‐forming cells (PFC) with specificity for Group A streptococcal carbohydrate (A‐CHO) during a 4‐day culture together with T cells from A/J mice immunizedin vivowith A5A idiotypic antibody. (b) B cells from A/J mice immunizedin vivowith Strep.A generate PFC specific for A‐CHO when cultured in the presence of small concentrations of anti‐A5A idiotypic antibody and of T cells primed with Strep.A. In both cases, antigenindependent cooperation is idiotypically selective, such that only those B cells respond that secrete antibody with the A5A idiotype.The data are interpreted to suggest that, in addition to antigen‐specific helper cells, idiotype‐specific may participate in antibody responses, and that the latter type of help may be responsible for the idiotypic selectivity in T‐B cooperation observed previously. Furthermore, idiotype‐specific cooperation may be a means to generate and maintain B cell diversity during the evolution and ontogeny

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBALB/c mice immunized with the isologous myeloma protein MOPC‐315 (M315; α, λ2) develop antibodies most of which are directed to idiotypic antigens (Id315) located in or near the CNP binding sites of M315, In order to more precisely establish the fine specificity of anti‐Id315 antibodies, and to obtain an estimate of the size of the BALB/c anti‐Id315 repertoire, we examined anti‐Id315 antibodies from individual mice by analytical isoelectric focusing followed by autoradiography.125I‐labeled probes were prepared from purified mildly reduced and alkylated M315 protein (RA315) (7 S monomer), Fab'315, Fv315, L315, H315, DNP affinity‐labeled RA315, mildly reduced and alkylated MOPC‐460 (RA460; 7 S; α,k, Fab'460, H460, and DNP affinity‐labeled RA460. We observed that (a) the majority of BALB/c antibodies elicited by immunization with RA315 are specific for idiotypic antigens in the variable region which are rendered inaccessible in the presence of DNP‐hapten; (b) distinctly separate antibodies are specific for idiotypic antigens also located in the variable regions but which are not influenced by DNP hapten; (c) about 30 % of BALB/c mice develop antibodies which appear to be specific for a determinant located in the second or third, homology regions of the constant region of the α chain which is not influenced by DNP hapten, and which is also present in the same region of H460; (d) none of the antibodies elicited by M315 recognize free L315; (e) the total antibody response is quite restricted; (f) shared spectrotypes are common between individual mice; and (g) unique or infrequently shared spectrotypes do occur. These studies demonstrate, by a direct technique, the fine specificity and the clonal and molecular heterogeneity of the B cell response induced by im

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen individual human tumors displaying an unusually strong inflammatory reaction were disaggregated with a mixture of collagenase and deoxyribonuclease. The dispersed cellular materials consisted of approximately equal numbers of cancer cells, nonmalignant parenchymal cells and inflammatory leukocytes. As the erythrocyte/leukocyte ratio in the dispersed material was only 2:1, as compared to 290:1 in the blood, any notable blood contamination was excluded. The differential counts and the subclass distribution of the infiltrating lymphocytes were established directly from the initial dispersed material without any prior purification of the infiltrating cells. Three distinct types of inflammatory infiltrates were recorded which correlated to some extent with the cancer type and the tumor localization in the body. In three cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma and one case of mammary carcinoma, the infiltrate consisted of approximately equal proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Most of the lymphocytes in these lesions were sheep red blood cell (SRBC) nonrosetteforming, surface Ig‐negative “null” lymphocytes. In three cases of testicular seminoma, the infiltrate was predominantly lymphocytic, though also plasma cells and plasmablasts were present in substantial numbers. In this tumor, nearly all infiltrating lymphocytes were SRBC‐ and α‐naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)‐positive T lymphocytes. Finally, in two cases of ovarial papillary carcinoma and one case of uterine carcinosarcoma, the infiltrate consisted of approximately equal proportions of plasma cells plus lymphocytes, tissue macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Equal numbers of T, B and null lymphocytes were present in the infiltrating lymphocyte population. Seventy‐four to 100% of the infiltrating macrophages, when present, expressed the Fc receptor for IgG, and half of the infiltrating monocytes carried this surface marker. The results thus demonstrate that the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in different human cancers is highly variable, probably reflecting the type of tumor, its localization in the body, the stage of tumor growth and possibly the type of i

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix individual human carcinomas displaying an unusually strong inflammatory reaction were dispersed by a mixture of collagenase and deoxyribonuclease and fractionated in 1 × g velocity sedimentation. This method gave an excellent separation of cancer cells from infiltrating inflammatory cells. The viability in both cell populations exceeded 95%. Blood mononuclear leukocytes and tumor‐infiltrating inflammatory cells from the cancer‐bearing patients were then tested in the short‐term51Cr release test forin vitrocytotoxicity to their autochtonous tumor cells and to target cells known to be sensitive to the socalled “natural killer” (NK) lytic effects. In two patients with testicular seminoma, the blood leukocytes were strongly cytotoxic to the patients' own tumor cells; in one case of thyroid carcinoma, the patient's blood leukocytes also exhibited a distinct albeit slight cytotoxic activity towards his autochtonous tumor. Blood mononuclear leukocytes of all these cancer patients were strongly cytotoxic to the NK targets MOLT‐4, K‐562, chicken red cells and human embryonic fibroblasts (Ef). In striking contrast, the tumor‐infiltrating inflammatory cells were entirely unable to lyse the autologous tumor cells. Neither, with the exception of the Ef targets, did the tumor‐infiltrating cells display any cytotoxic activity towards the NK targets. The findings demonstrate a widespread functional paralysis (or absence) of effector cells directed to the patients' own autologous tumor cells and to NK target cells in the tumor‐infiltrating inflamma

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe murine B cell line cloned from a single cell, 38C‐13, synthesizes three species of μ chains, that of cell surface membrane IgM (m‐μ), that of secreted IgM (s‐μ) and that of intracellular IgM (i‐μ). They differ in their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequence analysis of the different μ chains suggests that they are identical in the N‐terminal as well as in their C‐terminal positions. The ratio between incorporated radioactive monosaccharides to radioactive amino acids into the three different μ chains was higher in s‐μ than in m‐μ, but nevertheless m‐μ migrated more slowly than s‐μ on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, since this ratio may also be influenced by the rate of synthesis, it may not represent a real molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein. Studies with normal spleen cells clearly indicated the presence of the

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe separation of intact kappa chain and two fragments comprising lambda (λ) chain from immunoglobulin light chain pools isolated from strain 13 guinea pigs is achieved by cyanogen bromide digestion and gel filtration before and after reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds. The smaller λ chain fragment derives from the original carboxyl‐terminus of λ chain. The partial sequence of component tryptic and thermolytic peptides of this thirty‐nine residue fragment allowed its complete sequence to be deduced. Three isotypic forms of this λ chain constant region fragment, distinguished by four residue positions showing alternative amino acids, are found expressed by guinea pigs. Each of these three isotypes is more homologous to the other two than to λ chains of any other species. The distribution of amino acid substitutions differentiating these isotypes further supports the view that λ chain isotypes arose in guinea pigs, and in several other species, independently by gene du

ISSN:0014-2980    

DOI:10.1002/eji.1830081211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY